I'm using Maven project with JSP + Servlets.
In Main class I'm connecting via:
Connection connection = ConnectionFactory.getInstance().getConnection();
And logic for ConnectionFactory class is:
    public class ConnectionFactory {
    
        static final Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(ConnectionFactory.class);
    
        private static final String PATH_TO_PROPERTIES = RootPathUtil.getRootApplicationClassPath("database.properties");
        private static final Properties properties;
        
        static {
            InputStream inputStream;
            Properties prop = new Properties();
            try {
                inputStream = new FileInputStream(PATH_TO_PROPERTIES);
                prop.load(inputStream);
                logger.info("Connection Factory Property loaded.\n\t\tProperty file location: " + PATH_TO_PROPERTIES);
            } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
                logger.error("Property file \"database.properties\" didn't found. Database main properties didn't initialize.");
                e.printStackTrace();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                logger.error("IO exception during property file \"database.properties\" loading. Database main properties didn't initialize.");
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            properties = prop;
        }
    
        private static ConnectionFactory instance = new ConnectionFactory();
        private BasicDataSource ds;
    
        private ConnectionFactory() {
            if (properties.isEmpty()){
                logger.error("Property instance is empty. Database main properties didn't initialize. ConnectionFactory creation failed.");
                throw new PropertyLoadException("ConnectionFactory creation failed. Property didn't load.");
            }
            ds = new BasicDataSource();
            ds.setDriverClassName(properties.getProperty("dbDriver"));
            ds.setUsername(properties.getProperty("userName"));
            ds.setPassword(properties.getProperty("password"));
            ds.setUrl(properties.getProperty("connectionUrl"));
    
            ds.setMinIdle(Integer.parseInt(properties.getProperty("connection_pull.min_idle")));
            ds.setMaxIdle(Integer.parseInt(properties.getProperty("connection_pull.max_idle")));
            ds.setMaxOpenPreparedStatements(Integer.parseInt(properties.getProperty("connection_pull.max_open_prepared_statements")));
        }
    
        public static ConnectionFactory getInstance() {
            if (instance == null) {
                instance = new ConnectionFactory();
                return instance;
            } else {
                return instance;
            }
        }
    
        public Connection getConnection() throws SQLException {
            return this.ds.getConnection();
        }
    }
When I'm running Tomcat Server, I'm always getting the issue like:
java.sql.SQLException: Cannot create PoolableConnectionFactory (Could not create connection to database server.)
    at org.apache.commons.dbcp2.BasicDataSource.createPoolableConnectionFactory(BasicDataSource.java:2294)
    at org.apache.commons.dbcp2.BasicDataSource.createDataSource(BasicDataSource.java:2039)
    at org.apache.commons.dbcp2.BasicDataSource.getConnection(BasicDataSource.java:1533)
    at com.test.project.carrental.data.service.ConnectionFactory.getConnection(ConnectionFactory.java:69)
    at com.test.project.carrental.data.service.DataBaseUtil.getConnection(DataBaseUtil.java:21)
    at com.test.project.carrental.controller.filter.JDBCFilter.doFilter(JDBCFilter.java:63)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:193)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:166)
    at com.test.project.carrental.controller.filter.LogSessionIdFilter.doFilter(LogSessionIdFilter.java:39)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:193)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:166)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve.invoke(StandardWrapperValve.java:202)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContextValve.invoke(StandardContextValve.java:96)
    at org.apache.catalina.authenticator.AuthenticatorBase.invoke(AuthenticatorBase.java:541)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostValve.invoke(StandardHostValve.java:139)
    at org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:92)
    at org.apache.catalina.valves.AbstractAccessLogValve.invoke(AbstractAccessLogValve.java:690)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngineValve.invoke(StandardEngineValve.java:74)
    at org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:343)
    at org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor.service(Http11Processor.java:373)
    at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProcessorLight.process(AbstractProcessorLight.java:65)
    at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol$ConnectionHandler.process(AbstractProtocol.java:868)
    at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioEndpoint$SocketProcessor.doRun(NioEndpoint.java:1590)
    at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.SocketProcessorBase.run(SocketProcessorBase.java:49)
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1149)
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:624)
    at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.TaskThread$WrappingRunnable.run(TaskThread.java:61)
    at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748)
Caused by: com.mysql.jdbc.exceptions.jdbc4.MySQLNonTransientConnectionException: Could not create connection to database server.
    at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.java:62)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:45)
    at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:423)
    at com.mysql.jdbc.Util.handleNewInstance(Util.java:404)
    at com.mysql.jdbc.Util.getInstance(Util.java:387)
    at com.mysql.jdbc.SQLError.createSQLException(SQLError.java:917)
    at com.mysql.jdbc.SQLError.createSQLException(SQLError.java:896)
    at com.mysql.jdbc.SQLError.createSQLException(SQLError.java:885)
    at com.mysql.jdbc.SQLError.createSQLException(SQLError.java:860)
    at com.mysql.jdbc.ConnectionImpl.connectOneTryOnly(ConnectionImpl.java:2330)
    at com.mysql.jdbc.ConnectionImpl.createNewIO(ConnectionImpl.java:2083)
    at com.mysql.jdbc.ConnectionImpl.<init>(ConnectionImpl.java:806)
    at com.mysql.jdbc.JDBC4Connection.<init>(JDBC4Connection.java:47)
    at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.java:62)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:45)
    at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:423)
    at com.mysql.jdbc.Util.handleNewInstance(Util.java:404)
    at com.mysql.jdbc.ConnectionImpl.getInstance(ConnectionImpl.java:410)
    at com.mysql.jdbc.NonRegisteringDriver.connect(NonRegisteringDriver.java:328)
    at org.apache.commons.dbcp2.DriverConnectionFactory.createConnection(DriverConnectionFactory.java:39)
    at org.apache.commons.dbcp2.PoolableConnectionFactory.makeObject(PoolableConnectionFactory.java:256)
    at org.apache.commons.dbcp2.BasicDataSource.validateConnectionFactory(BasicDataSource.java:2304)
    at org.apache.commons.dbcp2.BasicDataSource.createPoolableConnectionFactory(BasicDataSource.java:2290)
    ... 27 more
Caused by: java.lang.NullPointerException
    at com.mysql.jdbc.ConnectionImpl.getServerCharset(ConnectionImpl.java:2997)
    at com.mysql.jdbc.MysqlIO.sendConnectionAttributes(MysqlIO.java:1936)
    at com.mysql.jdbc.MysqlIO.proceedHandshakeWithPluggableAuthentication(MysqlIO.java:1865)
    at com.mysql.jdbc.MysqlIO.doHandshake(MysqlIO.java:1228)
    at com.mysql.jdbc.ConnectionImpl.coreConnect(ConnectionImpl.java:2253)
    at com.mysql.jdbc.ConnectionImpl.connectOneTryOnly(ConnectionImpl.java:2284)
    ... 41 more
To solve this problem, I tried different versions for mysql-connector-java dependency like:
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>8.0.20</version>
        </dependency>
Also, as mentioned here and here, I tried to use:
    <dependency>
        <groupId>mysql</groupId>
        <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
        <version>8.0.11</version>
    </dependency>
Alternative fix using 5.1.41 or 5.1.46 wasn't helpful for me as well.
At the same time, I tried to use various connection properties for:
dbDriver=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
connectionUrl=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db?verifyServerCertificate=false&useSSL=true
userName=...
password=...
connection_pull.min_idle=5
connection_pull.max_idle=20
connection_pull.max_open_prepared_statements=180
I've tested different variants for coonectionUrl like:
#connectionUrl=jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/db?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8&serverTimezone=UTC
#connectionUrl=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db?autoReconnect=true
#connectionUrl=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db?useUnicode=true&useJDBCCompliantTimezoneShift=true&useLegacyDatetimeCode=false&serverTimezone=UTC
#connectionUrl=jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/db?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8&serverTimezone=UTC
#connectionUrl=jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/db?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8&serverTimezone=UTC&useSSL=false
#connectionUrl=jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/db?useUnicode=true&serverTimezone=UTC&useSSL=false
some connections were based on this & this & this answer.
UPD:
I've added my POM file, because, as mentioned in comments below, MySQL Connector/J 8.0.11 contains both variants of connection strings.
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <groupId>CarRental</groupId>
    <artifactId>CarRental</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>Car Rental Service</name>
    <packaging>war</packaging>
    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        <junit.version>4.12</junit.version>
        <mokito.version>1.10.19</mokito.version>
        <slf4j.version>1.7.21</slf4j.version>
    </properties>
    <dependencies>
        <!-- SERVLETS AND VIEWS-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
            <version>3.1.0</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
            <version>1.2</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
            <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
            <version>2.2</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- DATDBASE DRIVER -->
        <!--<dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.39</version>
        </dependency>-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>8.0.11</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-dbcp2</artifactId>
            <version>2.1.1</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- TESTING -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>${junit.version}</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mockito</groupId>
            <artifactId>mockito-all</artifactId>
            <version>${mokito.version}</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <!-- LOGGING -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
            <version>${slf4j.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
            <version>${slf4j.version}</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
    <build>
        <finalName>CarRentalService</finalName>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>3.8.1</version>
                <configuration>
                    <encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
                    <source>${java.version}</source>
                    <target>${java.version}</target>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
            <plugin>
                <artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>3.0.1</version>
                <configuration>
                    <encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
            <plugin>
                <artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>3.0.0</version>
                <configuration>
                    <failOnMissingWebXml>false</failOnMissingWebXml>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.jacoco</groupId>
                <artifactId>jacoco-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>0.7.7.201606060606</version>
                <configuration>
                    <destFile>${basedir}/target/coverage-reports/jacoco-unit.exec</destFile>
                    <dataFile>${basedir}/target/coverage-reports/jacoco-unit.exec</dataFile>
                </configuration>
                <executions>
                    <execution>
                        <id>jacoco-initialize</id>
                        <goals>
                            <goal>prepare-agent</goal>
                        </goals>
                    </execution>
                    <execution>
                        <id>jacoco-site</id>
                        <phase>package</phase>
                        <goals>
                            <goal>report</goal>
                        </goals>
                    </execution>
                  </executions>
            </plugin>
            <plugin>
            <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
            <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
            <version>2.19.1</version>
            <configuration>
                <systemPropertyVariables>
                    <jacoco-agent.destfile>${basedir}/target/coverage-reports/jacoco-unit.exec</jacoco-agent.destfile>
                </systemPropertyVariables>
            </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>
I've tried to run without Intelij IDEA war file - the same issue.