I think your problem is trying to set array as a text to TextView like below code.
arabictext.setText(getItem(position).getArabic(arabica));
transliteration.setText(getItem(position).getTransliteration());
translation.setText(getItem(position).getTranslation());
If you want to get String for a specific index you can just use it's index. For example:
arabictext.setText(getItem(position).getArabic()[0]);
transliteration.setText(getItem(position).getTransliteration()[0]);
translation.setText(getItem(position).getTranslation()[0]);
Or If you want to get all values from String[] as one String and set it to your TextView you can create a method which gets an String[] and returns String.
private String getString(String[] array){
    String text = "";
    for (String s : array) {
        text += s + ", ";
    }
    return text;
}
So inside your adapter define a method like above and whenever you need a String from String[] use that method.
public class PerrowAdapter extends ArrayAdapter<Perrow> {
    private Context mContext;
    private int mResource;
    private ArrayList<Perrow> objects;
    public PerrowAdapter(@NonNull Context context, int resource, @NonNull ArrayList<Perrow> objects) {
        super(context, resource, objects);
        this.mContext = context;
        this.mResource = resource;
        this.objects = objects;
    }
    private String getString(String[] array){
        String text = "";
        for (String s : array) {
            text += s + ", ";
        }
        return text;
    }
    @NonNull
    @Override
    public View getView(int position, @Nullable View convertView, @NonNull ViewGroup parent) {
        LayoutInflater layoutInflater = LayoutInflater.from(mContext);
        convertView = layoutInflater.inflate(mResource, parent, false);
        TextView tvArabic = convertView.findViewById(R.id.arabictext);
        TextView tvTransliteration = convertView.findViewById(R.id.transliteration);
        TextView tvTranslation = convertView.findViewById(R.id.translation);
        Perrow perrow = objects.get(position);
        String[] arabica = perrow.getArabic();
        String[] transliteration = perrow.getTransliteration();
        String[] translation = perrow.getTranslation();
        tvArabic.setText(getString(arabica));
        tvTransliteration.setText(getString(transliteration));
        tvTranslation.setText(getString(translation));
        return convertView;
    }
}
EDIT
i want as per row of the listview, show each item in the string array, >accordingly. how can this be achieved ?
You should change your Perrow class and instead of String[] use String and populate your ArrayList with each elements of String[].
Perrow.java (use String instead of String[])
public class Perrow {
    String Arabic;
    String transliteration;
    String translation;
    public Perrow(String arabic, String transliteration, String translation) {
        Arabic = arabic;
        this.transliteration = transliteration;
        this.translation = translation;
    }
    public String getArabic() {
        return Arabic;
    }
    public void setArabic(String arabic) {
        Arabic = arabic;
    }
    public String getTransliteration() {
        return transliteration;
    }
    public void setTransliteration(String transliteration) {
        this.transliteration = transliteration;
    }
    public String getTranslation() {
        return translation;
    }
    public void setTranslation(String translation) {
        this.translation = translation;
    }
}
PerrowAdapter.java (get() methods from Perrow class now return String so you can directly use them for TextViews)
public class PerrowAdapter extends ArrayAdapter<Perrow> {
    private Context mContext;
    private int mResource;
    private ArrayList<Perrow> objects
    public PerrowAdapter(@NonNull Context context, int resource, @NonNull ArrayList<Perrow> objects) {
        super(context, resource, objects);
        this.mContext = context;
        this.mResource = resource;
        this.objects = objects;
    }
    @NonNull
    @Override
    public View getView(int position, @Nullable View convertView, @NonNull ViewGroup parent) {
        LayoutInflater layoutInflater = LayoutInflater.from(mContext);
        convertView = layoutInflater.inflate(mResource, parent, false);
        TextView tvArabic = convertView.findViewById(R.id.arabictext);
        TextView tvTransliteration = convertView.findViewById(R.id.transliteration);
        TextView tvTranslation = convertView.findViewById(R.id.translation);
        Perrow perrow = objects.get(position);
        tvArabic.setText(perrow.getArabic());
        tvTransliteration.setText(perrow.getTransliteration());
        tvTranslation.setText(perrow.getTranslation());
        return convertView;
    }
}
I don't know how do you fill your String[] but I assume all three String[] have same length (arrays contain same number Strings), so you can add all Strings in to ArrayList with a for loop and use that ArrayList for your adapter.
Your Activiy (where do you call PerrowAdapter)
String[] arabica = getContext().getResources().getStringArray(R.array.fontsize);
String[] trasliteration = ... //Get your trasliteration array
String[] translation = ... //Get your translation array
ArrayList<Perrow> list = new ArrayList<>();
for(int i = 0; i < arabica.length; i++){
    list.add(new Perrow(arabica[i], transliteration[i], translation[i]));
}
PerrowAdapter adapter = new PerrowAdapter(context, resource, list);