OK, the second try, now I get your question :)
First I'd like to note that there are many calendar and Datepicker components available (like the Bootstrap one) but if you simply want to show the date as a table header, I'd just have a date variable again:
    startOfTheWeek: Date = new Date("2021-03-01");
which is the starting day of the week you want to display. Of course this should be dynamic, maybe see JavaScript - get the first day of the week from current date for that part. Assuming we have the Monday we want, I wrote a lillte helper function:
    public getWeekDays(startingDate: Date): Date[] {
      const dateList: Date[] = [];
      for (let i = 0; i <= 4; i++) {
        const newDate = new Date(this.startOfTheWeek.getTime());
        newDate.setDate(newDate.getDate() + i);
        dateList.push(newDate);
      }
      return dateList;
    }
I just create an array with 5 dates, where each date has one day more than the previous one.
In the template I'd do something like this:
    <table>
      <thead>
        <tr>
          <th *ngFor="let day of getWeekDays(startOfTheWeek)">{{day | date:"EEE'\n'd/M/y"}}</th>
        </tr>
      </thead>
      <tbody>
        <tr>
          <td>running</td>
          <td>running</td>
          <td>running</td>
          <td>running</td>
          <td>running</td>
        </tr>
      </tbody>
    </table>
With this CSS:
    table, tr, th, td {
      border: 1px solid black;
    }
    th {
      white-space: pre-wrap;
    }
pre-wrap is to preserve the newline between the date and the weekday.
Hope that helps :)