If the parentheses are always balanced, you can use a recursion-based regex like
__[A-Z0-9_]+__(\((?:[^()]++|(?-1))*\))
may fail if there is an unbalanced amount of ( or ) inside strings, see this regex demo. In brief:
__[A-Z0-9_]+__ - __, one or more uppercase letters, digits or _ and then __
(\((?:[^()]++|(?-1))*\)) - Group 1: (, then any zero or more occurrences of one or more chars other than ( and ) or the whole Group 1 pattern recursed, and then a ) (so the (...) substring with any amount of paired nested parentheses is matched).
If you need to support unbalanced parentheses, it is safer to use a regex that just matches all allowed data formats, e.g.
__[A-Z0-9_]+__\(\s*(?:'[^']*'|\d+)(?:\s*,\s*(?:'[^']*'|\d+))*\s*\)
See the regex demo. Or, if ' can be escaped with a \ char inside the '...' strings, you can use
__[A-Z0-9_]+__\(\s*(?:'[^'\\]*(?:\\.[^'\\]*)*'|\d+)(?:\s*,\s*(?:'[^'\\]*(?:\\.[^'\\]*)*'|\d+))*\s*\)
See this regex demo.
Details:
__[A-Z0-9_]+__ - __, one or more upper or digits and then __
\( - ( char
\s* - zero or more whitespaces
(?:'[^']*'|\d+) - ', zero or more non-' and then a ' or one or more digits
(?:\s*,\s*(?:'[^']*'|\d+))* - zero or more occurrences of a , enclosed with optional whitespace and then either a '...' substring or one or more digits
\s*\) - zero or more whitespace and then a ).
Note if you need to support any kind of numbers, you need to replace \d+ with a more sophisticated pattern like [+-]?\d+(?:\.\d+)? or more.