Muhannad, answering your first question, you can check the type of the variable with the help of type(variableName/ value) function.
Example:
x = 1;
print(type(x)) // <class 'int'>
Now the answer of your second question is, python works on dynamic memory allocation hence the max size of the value that can be stored inside a variable in almost infinite in practical terms. you cant check the exact size of the memory captured by a variable in python(no function is there to acheive that, memory allocation happens behind the scene). and yes there is no workspace provided inside pycharm ide.
however if you are just trying to learn python from scratch, i highly recommend you to go with jupyter notebook insted of pycharm. it will be much begineer friendly.
you can check out the link given below for exact installation details.
http://test-jupyter.readthedocs.io/en/latest/install.html