There are a few things you need to do. Make sure you have permission, make sure user has his GPS is enabled or not. You need to make a location manager and a location listener that updates every time it changes. See below for the different codes.
Add this to the manifest file to get permission
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION" />
Create a location manager
LocationManager locationManager = (LocationManager)
getSystemService(Context.LOCATION_SERVICE);
Check if GPS is on
try {
    gps_enabled = locationManager.isProviderEnabled(LocationManager.GPS_PROVIDER);
} catch(Exception ex) {}
try {
    network_enabled = locationManager.isProviderEnabled(LocationManager.NETWORK_PROVIDER);
} catch(Exception ex) {}
if(!gps_enabled && !network_enabled){
// It's not enabled address the problem here
}
Create Listener
LocationListener locationListener = new MyLocationListener();
locationManager.requestLocationUpdates(
LocationManager.GPS_PROVIDER, 5000, 10, locationListener);
Listener Class Sample Code
/*---------- Listener class to get coordinates ------------- */
private class MyLocationListener implements LocationListener {
    @Override
    public void onLocationChanged(Location loc) {
        editLocation.setText("");
        pb.setVisibility(View.INVISIBLE);
        Toast.makeText(
                getBaseContext(),
                "Location changed: Lat: " + loc.getLatitude() + " Lng: "
                    + loc.getLongitude(), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
        String longitude = "Longitude: " + loc.getLongitude();
        Log.v(TAG, longitude);
        String latitude = "Latitude: " + loc.getLatitude();
        Log.v(TAG, latitude);
        /*------- To get city name from coordinates -------- */
        String cityName = null;
        Geocoder gcd = new Geocoder(getBaseContext(), Locale.getDefault());
        List<Address> addresses;
        try {
            addresses = gcd.getFromLocation(loc.getLatitude(),
                    loc.getLongitude(), 1);
            if (addresses.size() > 0) {
                System.out.println(addresses.get(0).getLocality());
                cityName = addresses.get(0).getLocality();
            }
        }
catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        String s = longitude + "\n" + latitude + "\n\nMy Current City is: "
            + cityName;
        editLocation.setText(s);
    }
    @Override
    public void onProviderDisabled(String provider) {}
    @Override
    public void onProviderEnabled(String provider) {}
    @Override
    public void onStatusChanged(String provider, int status, Bundle extras) {}
}