From my understanding, CUDA's atomicCAS has the following definition (this is one of the four)
int atomicCAS(int* address, int compare, int val);
and it compares atomically the values located at address (named in the doc old) in the global shared memory with compare and in case of equality assigns the value to val, otherwise does nothing. In both cases returns old.
Looking at SYCL API, I can only find compare_exchange_strong which, unfortunately, does not do what I'm looking for as, using the same naming as above, it compares old with compare and if not successful, alters compare (which is passed by reference).