How do I make my plot from R look like the one I have on Python?

Question

I am trying to make a plot on my R look like the one I have on my Python:

The one on the left is Python (The correct one), while the one on the right is R (I'm trying to change this)

This is the data frame for both Python and R.

All_Flights_Combined_Month

Year	Month	Delay_count	Total_count
2003	Jan	151238	552109
2003	Feb	158369	500206
2003	Mar	152156	559342
2003	Apr	125699	527303
2003	May	136551	533782
2003	Jun	163497	536496
2003	Jul	183491	558568
2003	Aug	178979	556984
2003	Sep	113916	527714
2003	Oct	131409	552370
2003	Nov	157157	528171
2003	Dec	206743	555495
2004	Jan	198818	583987
2004	Feb	183658	553876
2004	Mar	183273	601412
2004	Apr	170114	582970
2004	May	191604	594457
2004	Jun	238074	588792
2004	Jul	237670	614166
2004	Aug	215667	623107
2004	Sep	147508	585125
2004	Oct	193951	610037
2004	Nov	197560	584610
2004	Dec	254786	606731
2005	Jan	229809	594924
2005	Feb	184920	545332
2005	Mar	226883	617540
2005	Apr	169221	594492
2005	May	178327	614802
2005	Jun	236724	609195
2005	Jul	268988	627961
2005	Aug	240410	630904
2005	Sep	165541	574253
2005	Oct	186778	592712
2005	Nov	193399	566138
2005	Dec	256861	572343

And these are the codes for Python:

# To plot the line graph
# Create separate data frames for each year
years = All_Flights_Combined_Month['Year'].unique()
data_frames_month = [All_Flights_Combined_Month[All_Flights_Combined_Month['Year'] == year] for year in years]

# Create subplots
fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(10, 8))

# Plot Delay_count for each year
for i, year in enumerate(years):
    color = 'red' if str(year) == '2003' else 'green' if str(year) == '2004' else 'blue'
    ax.plot(data_frames_month[i]['Month'], data_frames_month[i]['Delay_count'], label=f"{year} Delay Count", color=color)

# Plot Total_Count for each year
for i, year in enumerate(years):
    color = 'orange' if str(year) == '2003' else 'yellow' if str(year) == '2004' else 'purple'
    ax.plot(data_frames_month[i]['Month'], data_frames_month[i]['Total_Count'], label=f"{year} Total Count", color=color)

# Set title and labels
ax.set_title('Flight Count by Month')
ax.set_xlabel('Month')
ax.set_ylabel('Number of Flights')

# Add legend
ax.legend(title='Year')

# Save the plot as a pdf file
plt.savefig('Monthly Flight Comparison Python.pdf', format='pdf')

# Show the plot
plt.show()

While this is for R:

{r}
# To plot the line graph
month_plot <- ggplot() + geom_line(data= All_Flights_Combined_Month, aes(x =Month, y=Delay_count, group=Year, color=Year)) + 
  geom_line(data=All_Flights_Combined_Month, aes(x =Month, y=Total_count, group=Year, color=Year))+ scale_x_discrete(limits = c("Jan","Feb","Mar","Apr","May","Jun","Jul","Aug","Sep","Oct","Nov","Dec"))+
  xlab("Months")+
  ylab("Number of Flights")+
  ggtitle("Flight Count by Month")

# To save the plot  as .pdf
ggplot2::ggsave("Monthly Flight Comparison R.pdf", plot = last_plot(), width = 8, height = 6)

I need the legend and the line colors to match the ones on Python. I hope I have provide sufficient information. Please kindly advice thank you.

I tried adding scale_color_manual to each geom_line but it churned out an error stating that scale_color_manual values has already been used and it will overwrite the previous ones.

Quinten · Answer 1 · 2023-02-19T10:18:17.207

You could transform your data to a longer format and combine the Year and longer format of Delay count and Total count to one string using paste0 and gsub. To get the right colors you could use scale_color_manual, with right order using breaks like this:

library(ggplot2)
library(dplyr)
library(tidyr)
df %>%
  pivot_longer(cols = Delay_count:Total_count) %>%
  mutate(Year2 = paste0(Year, " ", gsub("_", " ", name)),
         Month = factor(Month, levels = month.abb)) %>%
  ggplot(aes(x = Month, y = value, color = Year2, group = Year2)) +
  geom_line() +
  labs(color = "Year", x = "Month", y = "Number of Flights") +
  scale_color_manual(values = c("2003 Delay count" = "red", 
                                "2004 Delay count" = "green", 
                                "2005 Delay count" = "blue", 
                                "2003 Total count" = "orange", 
                                "2004 Total count" = "yellow", 
                                "2005 Total count" = "purple"),
                     breaks = c("2003 Delay count",
                                "2004 Delay count",
                                "2005 Delay count",
                                "2003 Total count", 
                                "2004 Total count", 
                                "2005 Total count"))

^{Created on 2023-02-19 with reprex v2.0.2}

The months order is wrong, you must first coerce to factor. Upvote, anyway. — Rui Barradas, Feb 19 '23 at 10:15

score 2 · Answer 2 · answered Feb 19 '23 at 10:11

This type of problems generally has to do with reshaping the data. The format should be the long format and the data is in wide format. See this post on how to reshape the data from wide to long format.

Then change variable Year or name to the interaction between these two. That's the color and grouping variable.

suppressPackageStartupMessages({
  library(dplyr)
  library(tidyr)
  library(ggplot2)
})

clrs <- c("2003 Delay Count" = "#e44b3b", "2003 Total Count" = "#edbe70",
          "2004 Delay Count" = "#0d720d", "2004 Total Count" = "#f8f867", 
          "2005 Delay Count" = "#0000cb", "2005 Total Count" = "#6d0469")

All_Flights_Combined_Month %>%
  pivot_longer(ends_with("count")) %>%
  mutate(Month = factor(Month, levels = month.abb),
         Year = interaction(Year, name, sep = " "),
         Year = sub("_c", " C", Year)) %>%
  select(-name) %>% 
  ggplot(aes(Month, value, colour = Year, group = Year)) +
  geom_line(linewidth = 1.25) +
  scale_color_manual(values = clrs) +
  theme_minimal()

^{Created on 2023-02-19 with reprex v2.0.2}

Data

x <- "Year  Month   Delay_count     Total_count
2003    Jan     151238  552109
2003    Feb     158369  500206
2003    Mar     152156  559342
2003    Apr     125699  527303
2003    May     136551  533782
2003    Jun     163497  536496
2003    Jul     183491  558568
2003    Aug     178979  556984
2003    Sep     113916  527714
2003    Oct     131409  552370
2003    Nov     157157  528171
2003    Dec     206743  555495
2004    Jan     198818  583987
2004    Feb     183658  553876
2004    Mar     183273  601412
2004    Apr     170114  582970
2004    May     191604  594457
2004    Jun     238074  588792
2004    Jul     237670  614166
2004    Aug     215667  623107
2004    Sep     147508  585125
2004    Oct     193951  610037
2004    Nov     197560  584610
2004    Dec     254786  606731
2005    Jan     229809  594924
2005    Feb     184920  545332
2005    Mar     226883  617540
2005    Apr     169221  594492
2005    May     178327  614802
2005    Jun     236724  609195
2005    Jul     268988  627961
2005    Aug     240410  630904
2005    Sep     165541  574253
2005    Oct     186778  592712
2005    Nov     193399  566138
2005    Dec     256861  572343"
All_Flights_Combined_Month <- read.table(text = x, header = TRUE)

^{Created on 2023-02-19 with reprex v2.0.2}

score 2 · Answer 3 · answered Feb 19 '23 at 10:11

Something like this:

library(tidyverse)

df %>% 
  pivot_longer(-c(Year, Month)) %>%  
  mutate(Year = paste(Year, name)) %>% 
  ggplot(aes(x =Month, y=value, color=factor(Year)))+
  geom_line(aes(group = Year))+
    scale_x_discrete(limits = c("Jan","Feb","Mar","Apr","May","Jun","Jul","Aug","Sep","Oct","Nov","Dec"))+
    scale_color_manual(values = c("purple", "yellow", "gold", "blue", "green", "red"))+
  xlab("Months")+
  ylab("Number of Flights")+
  ggtitle("Flight Count by Month")+
  theme_classic()

jay.sf · Answer 4 · 2023-02-19T13:57:27.663

Using just base R. First, reshape into wide format, then use matplot and customize axis and mtext a little.

dat_w <- reshape(dat, idvar='Month', timevar='Year', direction='w')

par(mar=c(5, 6, 4, 2))
matplot(dat_w[, -1], type='l', lty=1, col=2:8, axes=FALSE, ylab='', main='Flight Count By Month')
axis(side=1, at=1:12, labels=dat_w$Month, cex.axis=.8)
axis(2, axTicks(2), formatC(axTicks(2), format='f', digits=0), las=2, cex.axis=.8)
mtext('Month', side=1, line=2.5, cex=.8); mtext('Number of Flights', 2, 4, cex=.8)
legend('right', c(paste(unique(dat$Year), rep(gsub('_', ' ', names(dat)[3:4]), each=3))),
       col=2:8, lty=1, title='Year', cex=.7)
box()

How do I make my plot from R look like the one I have on Python?

4 Answers4

Data