A very simple example with PHP:
<?php
// Create a blank image.
$image = imagecreatetruecolor(400, 300);
// Select the background color.
$bg = imagecolorallocate($image, 0, 0, 0);
// Fill the background with the color selected above.
imagefill($image, 0, 0, $bg);
// Choose a color for the ellipse.
$col_ellipse = imagecolorallocate($image, 255, 255, 255);
// Draw the ellipse.
imageellipse($image, 200, 150, $_GET['w'], $_GET['w'], $col_ellipse);
// Output the image.
header("Content-type: image/png");
imagepng($image);
?>
You have to call the script with the parameter w. e.g image.php?w=50
Mostly stolen from here.
And a little example with JavaScript and Canvas:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
canvas:
<canvas id="myCanvas" width="100" height="100" style="border:1px solid #c3c3c3;">
Your browser does not support the canvas element.
</canvas>
<script type="text/javascript">
    var c=document.getElementById("myCanvas");
    var cxt=c.getContext("2d");
    function getParameterByName(name){
          name = name.replace(/[\[]/, "\\\[").replace(/[\]]/, "\\\]");
          var regexS = "[\\?&]" + name + "=([^&#]*)";
          var regex = new RegExp(regexS);
          var results = regex.exec(window.location.href);
          if(results == null)
            return "";
          else
            return decodeURIComponent(results[1].replace(/\+/g, " "));
    }
    cxt.fillStyle="#FF0000";
    cxt.beginPath();
    cxt.arc(50,50,getParameterByName("w"),0,Math.PI*2,true);
    cxt.closePath();
    cxt.fill();
    document.write('png:<img src="'+c.toDataURL("image/png")+'"/>');
</script>
</body>
</html>
You have still call the script with the parameter w. e.g image.html?w=50
This, this and @Phrogz helped me.