Assuming you're using MS SQL Server:
Which of these queries will execute the fastest, and WHY?
I'm going to guess the last, as I'm thinking that Aliases are only resolved to their tables once?
SELECT  Account.AccountName, 
        AccountStatus.AccountState
FROM 
        dbo.Account
        INNER JOIN dbo.AccountStatus ON Account.AccountStatusID = AccountStatus.AccountStatusID
GO
SELECT  dbo.Account.AccountName, 
        dbo.AccountStatus.AccountState
FROM 
        dbo.Account
        INNER JOIN dbo.AccountStatus ON dbo.Account.AccountStatusID = dbo.AccountStatus.AccountStatusID
GO
SELECT  A.AccountName, 
        AST.AccountState
FROM 
        dbo.Account AS A
        INNER JOIN dbo.AccountStatus AS AST ON A.AccountStatusID = AST.AccountStatusID
GO