Express.js req.body undefined

Question

I have this as configuration of my Express server

app.use(app.router); 
app.use(express.cookieParser());
app.use(express.session({ secret: "keyboard cat" }));
app.set('view engine', 'ejs');
app.set("view options", { layout: true });
//Handles post requests
app.use(express.bodyParser());
//Handles put requests
app.use(express.methodOverride());

But still when I ask for req.body.something in my routes I get some error pointing out that body is undefined. Here is an example of a route that uses req.body :

app.post('/admin', function(req, res){
    console.log(req.body.name);
});

I read that this problem is caused by the lack of app.use(express.bodyParser()); but as you can see I call it before the routes.

Any clue?

Answer 1

UPDATE July 2020

express.bodyParser() is no longer bundled as part of express. You need to install it separately before loading:

npm i body-parser

// then in your app
var express = require('express')
var bodyParser = require('body-parser')
 
var app = express()
 
// create application/json parser
var jsonParser = bodyParser.json()
 
// create application/x-www-form-urlencoded parser
var urlencodedParser = bodyParser.urlencoded({ extended: false })
 
// POST /login gets urlencoded bodies
app.post('/login', urlencodedParser, function (req, res) {
  res.send('welcome, ' + req.body.username)
})
 
// POST /api/users gets JSON bodies
app.post('/api/users', jsonParser, function (req, res) {
  // create user in req.body
})

See here for further info

original follows

You must make sure that you define all configurations BEFORE defining routes. If you do so, you can continue to use express.bodyParser().

An example is as follows:

var express = require('express'),
    app     = express(),
    port    = parseInt(process.env.PORT, 10) || 8080;

app.configure(function(){
  app.use(express.bodyParser());
});

app.listen(port);
    
app.post("/someRoute", function(req, res) {
  console.log(req.body);
  res.send({ status: 'SUCCESS' });
});

Answer 2

Latest versions of Express (4.x) has unbundled the middleware from the core framework. If you need body parser, you need to install it separately

npm install body-parser --save

and then do this in your code

var bodyParser = require('body-parser')
var app = express()

// parse application/x-www-form-urlencoded
app.use(bodyParser.urlencoded({ extended: false }))

// parse application/json
app.use(bodyParser.json())

Answer 3

Express 4, has built-in body parser. No need to install separate body-parser. So below will work:

export const app = express();
app.use(express.json());

Answer 4

No. You need to use app.use(express.bodyParser()) before app.use(app.router). In fact, app.use(app.router) should be the last thing you call.

Answer 5

The Content-Type in request header is really important, especially when you post the data from curl or any other tools.

Make sure you're using some thing like application/x-www-form-urlencoded, application/json or others, it depends on your post data. Leave this field empty will confuse Express.

Answer 6

First make sure , you have installed npm module named 'body-parser' by calling :

npm install body-parser --save

Then make sure you have included following lines before calling routes

var express = require('express');
var bodyParser = require('body-parser');
var app = express();

app.use(bodyParser.json());

Answer 7

As already posted under one comment, I solved it using

app.use(require('connect').bodyParser());

instead of

app.use(express.bodyParser());

I still don't know why the simple express.bodyParser() is not working...

Answer 8

Add in your app.js

before the call of the Router

const app = express();
app.use(express.json());

Answer 9

The question is answered. But since it is quite generic and req.body undefined is a frequent error, especially for beginners, I find this is the best place to resume all that I know about the problem.

---

This error can be caused by the following reasons:

1. [SERVER side] [Quite often] Forget or misused parser middleware

• You need to use appropriate middleware to parse the incoming requests. For example, express.json() parses request in JSON format, and express.urlencoded() parses request in urlencoded format.

const app = express();
app.use(express.urlencoded())
app.use(express.json())

You can see the full list in the express documentation page

• If you can't find the right parser for your request in Express (XML, form-data...), you need to find another library for that. For example, to parse XML data, you can use this library

• You should use the parser middleware before the route declaration part (I did a test to confirm this!). The middleware can be configured right after the initialization express app.

• Like other answers pointed out, bodyParser is deprecated since express 4.16.0, you should use built-in middlewares like above.

2. [CLIENT side] [Rarely] Forget to send the data along with the request

• Well, you need to send the data...

To verify whether the data has been sent with the request or not, open the Network tabs in the browser's devtools and search for your request.

• It's rare but I saw some people trying to send data in the GET request, for GET request req.body is undefined.

3. [SERVER & CLIENT] [Quite often] Using different Content-Type

• Server and client need to use the same Content-Type to understand each other. If you send requests using json format, you need to use json() middleware. If you send a request using urlencoded format, you need to use urlencoded()...

• There is 1 tricky case when you try to upload a file using the form-data format. For that, you can use multer, a middleware for handling multipart/form-data.

• What if you don't control the client part? I had a problem when coding the API for Instant payment notification (IPN). The general rule is to try to get information on the client part: communicate with the frontend team, go to the payment documentation page... You might need to add appropriate middleware based on the Content-Type decided by the client part.

Finally, a piece of advice for full-stack developers :)

When having a problem like this, try to use some API test software like Postman. The object is to eliminate all the noise in the client part, this will help you correctly identify the problem.

In Postman, once you have a correct result, you can use the code generation tool in the software to have corresponded code. The button </> is on the right bar. You have a lot of options in popular languages/libraries...

Answer 10

app.use(express.json());

It will help to solve the issue of req.body undefined

Answer 11

// Require body-parser (to receive post data from clients)

var bodyParser = require('body-parser');

app.use(bodyParser.urlencoded({ extended: false }))

// parse application/json

app.use(bodyParser.json())

Answer 12

Looks like the body-parser is no longer shipped with express. We may have to install it separately.

var express    = require('express')
var bodyParser = require('body-parser')
var app = express()

// parse application/x-www-form-urlencoded
app.use(bodyParser.urlencoded({ extended: false }))

// parse application/json
app.use(bodyParser.json())

// parse application/vnd.api+json as json
app.use(bodyParser.json({ type: 'application/vnd.api+json' }))
app.use(function (req, res, next) {
console.log(req.body) // populated!

Refer to the git page https://github.com/expressjs/body-parser for more info and examples.

Answer 13

In case anyone runs into the same issue I was having; I am using a url prefix like

http://example.com/api/

which was setup with router

app.use('/api', router); 

and then I had the following

app.use(bodyParser.json());
app.use(bodyParser.urlencoded({ extended: true }));

What fixed my issue was placing the bodyparser configuration above app.use('/api', router);

Final

// setup bodyparser
    app.use(bodyParser.json());
    app.use(bodyParser.urlencoded({ extended: true }));

//this is a fix for the prefix of example.com/api/ so we dont need to code the prefix in every route
    app.use('/api', router); 

Answer 14

Most of the time req.body is undefined due to missing JSON parser

const express = require('express');
app.use(express.json());

could be missing for the body-parser

const bodyParser  = require('body-parser');
app.use(bodyParser.urlencoded({extended: true}));

and sometimes it's undefined due to cros origin so add them

const cors = require('cors');
app.use(cors())

Answer 15

The middleware is always used as first.

//MIDDLEWARE
app.use(bodyParser.json());
app.use(cors());    
app.use(cookieParser());

before the routes.

//MY ROUTES
app.use("/api", authRoutes);

Answer 16

express.bodyParser() needs to be told what type of content it is that it's parsing. Therefore, you need to make sure that when you're executing a POST request, that you're including the "Content-Type" header. Otherwise, bodyParser may not know what to do with the body of your POST request.

If you're using curl to execute a POST request containing some JSON object in the body, it would look something like this:

curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d @your_json_file http://localhost:xxxx/someRoute

If using another method, just be sure to set that header field using whatever convention is appropriate.

Answer 17

Use app.use(bodyparser.json()); before routing. // . app.use("/api", routes);

Answer 18

History:

Earlier versions of Express used to have a lot of middleware bundled with it. bodyParser was one of the middleware that came with it. When Express 4.0 was released they decided to remove the bundled middleware from Express and make them separate packages instead. The syntax then changed from app.use(express.json()) to app.use(bodyParser.json()) after installing the bodyParser module.

bodyParser was added back to Express in release 4.16.0, because people wanted it bundled with Express like before. That means you don't have to use bodyParser.json() anymore if you are on the latest release. You can use express.json() instead.

The release history for 4.16.0 is here for those who are interested, and the pull request is here.

Okay, back to the point,

Implementation:

All you need to add is just add,

app.use(express.json());
app.use(express.urlencoded({ extended: true}));
app.use(app.router); // Route will be at the end of parser

And remove bodyParser (in newer version of express it is not needed)

app.use(bodyParser.json());
app.use(bodyParser.urlencoded({ extended: true }));

And Express will take care of your request. :)

Full example will looks like,

const express       = require('express')
const app           = express()

app.use(express.json())
app.use(express.urlencoded({ extended: true}));

app.post('/test-url', (req, res) => {
    console.log(req.body)
    return res.send("went well")
})

app.listen(3000, () => {
    console.log("running on port 3000")
})

Answer 19

Firsl of all, ensure you are applying this middleware (express.urlencoded) before routes.

let app = express();

//response as Json
app.use(express.json()); 

//Parse x-www-form-urlencoded request into req.body
app.use(express.urlencoded({ extended: true }));     

app.post('/test',(req,res)=>{
    res.json(req.body);
});

The code express.urlencoded({extended:true}) only responds to x-www-form-urlencoded posts requests, so in your ajax/XMLHttpRequest/fetch, make sure you are sending the request.setRequestHeader('Content-type', 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'); header.

Thats it !

Answer 20

You can try adding this line of code at the top, (after your require statements):

app.use(bodyParser.urlencoded({extended: true}));

As for the reasons as to why it works, check out the docs: https://www.npmjs.com/package/body-parser#bodyparserurlencodedoptions

Answer 21

in Express 4, it's really simple

const app = express()
const p = process.env.PORT || 8082

app.use(express.json()) 

Answer 22

This occured to me today. None of above solutions work for me. But a little googling helped me to solve this issue. I'm coding for wechat 3rd party server.

Things get slightly more complicated when your node.js application requires reading streaming POST data, such as a request from a REST client. In this case, the request's property "readable" will be set to true and the POST data must be read in chunks in order to collect all content.

http://www.primaryobjects.com/CMS/Article144

Answer 23

Wasted a lot of time:

Depending on Content-Type in your client request
the server should have different, one of the below app.use():

app.use(bodyParser.text({ type: 'text/html' }))
app.use(bodyParser.text({ type: 'text/xml' }))
app.use(bodyParser.raw({ type: 'application/vnd.custom-type' }))
app.use(bodyParser.json({ type: 'application/*+json' }))

Source: https://www.npmjs.com/package/body-parser#bodyparsertextoptions

Example:

For me, On Client side, I had below header:

Content-Type: "text/xml"

So, on the server side, I used:

app.use(bodyParser.text({type: 'text/xml'}));

Then, req.body worked fine.

Answer 24

As I get the same problem, although I know BodyParser is no longer used and I already used the app.use(express.json()) the problem was {FOR ME}: I was placing

app.use(express.json())

after

app.use('api/v1/example', example) => { concerns the route }

once I reorder those two lines;

1 - app.use(express.json())

2 - app.use('api/v1/example', example)

It worked perfectly

Answer 25

To work, you need to app.use(app.router) after app.use(express.bodyParser()), like that:

app.use(express.bodyParser())
   .use(express.methodOverride())
   .use(app.router);

Answer 26

var bodyParser = require('body-parser');
app.use(bodyParser.json());

This saved my day.

Answer 27

I solved it with:

app.post('/', bodyParser.json(), (req, res) => {//we have req.body JSON
});

Answer 28

In my case, it was because of using body-parser after including the routes.

The correct code should be

app.use(bodyParser.urlencoded({extended:true}));
app.use(methodOverride("_method"));
app.use(indexRoutes);
app.use(userRoutes);
app.use(adminRoutes);

Answer 29

If you are using some external tool to make the request, make sure to add the header:

Content-Type: application/json

Answer 30

This is also one possibility: Make Sure that you should write this code before the route in your app.js(or index.js) file.

app.use(bodyParser.urlencoded({ extended: true }));
app.use(bodyParser.json());

Answer 31

This issue may be because you have not use body-parser (link)

var express = require('express');
var bodyParser  = require('body-parser');

var app = express();
app.use(bodyParser.json());

Answer 32

Latest version of Express already has body-parser built-in. So you can use:

const express = require('express);
... 
app.use(express.urlencoded({ extended: false }))
.use(express.json());

Answer 33

When I use bodyParser it is marked as deprecated. To avoid this I use the following code with express instead of bodyParser.

Notice: the routes must declared finally this is important! Other answers here described the problem well.

const express = require("express");
const app = express();

const routes = require('./routes/api');

app.use(express.json());
app.use(express.urlencoded({ extended: false }));

// Routes must declared finally
app.use('/', routes);

Answer 34

In express 4 and above you don't need body parser they have their own json parse method, At the higehset level of your express app add

var express = require('express');
var app = express()
app.use(express.json()); //declare this to receive json objects.

Other answers failed to mention, when making the request to express via fetch or other clients. The request must be formatted a certain way.

const response = await fetch(`${expressAddress}/controller/route`, { 
      method: 'POST', // *GET, POST, PUT, DELETE, etc.
      headers: {
          'Content-Type': 'application/json' //this must be set to a json type
      },
      body: JSON.stringify(row) //regular js object need to be converted to json
  })

If you make the fetch request like this the req.body will output your json object as expected.

Answer 35

UPDATE 2022

You can just use.

app.use(express.json())

const express = require('express')
const app = express();
const PORT = process.env.PORT || 3001

// Calling the express.json() method for parsing
app.use(express.json())


app.listen(PORT, () => {
    console.log(`============ API Gateway is open at ${PORT} ============= `)
})

express.json() is a built-in middleware function in Express. This method is used to parse the incoming requests with JSON payloads and is based upon the bodyparser.

This method returns the middleware that only parses JSON and only looks at the requests where the content-type header matches the type option.

express.json vs bodyParser.json

Answer 36

You can use express body parser.

var express = require('express');
var app = express();
var bodyParser = require('body-parser');
app.use(bodyParser.urlencoded({ extended: true }));

Answer 37

Mine was a text input and I'm adding this answer here regardless so it would help people. Make sure your encoding is set when parsing! I struggled to make it work until I set a proper value to it.

This was the error I was getting without using any parser:

error info: TypeError [ERR_INVALID_ARG_TYPE]: The first argument must be of type string or an instance of Buffer, ArrayBuffer, or Array or an Array-like Object.

Received an instance of undefined at Function.from (buffer.js:327:9)

We do not have to use body-parser now in Express as others have already mentioned, but just that app.use(express.text()); did not solve my issue.

undefined now changed to Object. According to Express documentation, request body returns an empty object ({}) if Content-Type doesn't match (among others).

error info: TypeError [ERR_INVALID_ARG_TYPE]: The first argument must be of type string or an instance of Buffer, ArrayBuffer, or Array or an Array-like Object.

Received an instance of Object at Function.from (buffer.js:327:9)

The encoding type you set needs to be on point as well. In my case, it was text/plain. You can change it to suit your needs like JSON, etc. I did this and voila! Worked like a charm!

app.use(express.text({
    type: "text/plain" 
}));

Answer 38

Use this line for appropriate parsing at the top before any get or post request is made:

app.use(express.json()) 

This parses json data to Javascript Objects.

Answer 39

Updated: October 2022

First check or add the body parser using below step:

step :1 import bodyParser from 'body-parser';

step 2: app.use(bodyParser.urlencoded({ extended: false })); app.use(bodyParser.json());

step 3: most important router shoud be define below of body parser that is the main reason for body undefined....

import noteRouter from "./src/routes/category_routes.js";

app.use(noteRouter);

whatever you name define in router depends on you..

Hope this help you guyz

Answer 40

Use either of the two:

1. app.use(express.json());

2. app.use(bodyParser.json());

Incase of the 2nd option.

npm i body-parser

const bodyParser = require("body-parser");

Answer 41

In case if you post SOAP message you need to use raw body parser:

var express = require('express');
var app = express();
var bodyParser = require('body-parser');

app.use(bodyParser.raw({ type: 'text/xml' }));

Answer 42

Building on @kevin-xue said, the content type needs to be declared. In my instance, this was only occurring with IE9 because the XDomainRequest doesn't set a content-type, so bodyparser and expressjs were ignoring the body of the request.

I got around this by setting the content-type explicitly before passing the request through to body parser, like so:

app.use(function(req, res, next) {
    // IE9 doesn't set headers for cross-domain ajax requests
    if(typeof(req.headers['content-type']) === 'undefined'){
        req.headers['content-type'] = "application/json; charset=UTF-8";
    }
    next();
})
.use(bodyParser.json());

Answer 43

Credit to @spikeyang for the great answer (provided below). After reading the suggested article attached to the post, I decided to share my solution.

When to use?

The solution required you to use the express router in order to enjoy it.. so: If you have you tried to use the accepted answer with no luck, just use copy-and-paste this function:

function bodyParse(req, ready, fail) 
{
    var length = req.header('Content-Length');

    if (!req.readable) return fail('failed to read request');

    if (!length) return fail('request must include a valid `Content-Length` header');

    if (length > 1000) return fail('this request is too big'); // you can replace 1000 with any other value as desired

    var body = ''; // for large payloads - please use an array buffer (see note below)

    req.on('data', function (data) 
    {
        body += data; 
    });

    req.on('end', function () 
    {
        ready(body);
    });
}

and call it like:

bodyParse(req, function success(body)
{

}, function error(message)
{

});

NOTE: For large payloads - please use an array buffer (more @ MDN)

Answer 44

For anyone who none of the answers above have worked for I had to enable cors between my front-end and express.

You can do this either by:

1. Downloading and turning on a CORS extension for your browser, such as:

   https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/allow-control-allow-origi/nlfbmbojpeacfghkpbjhddihlkkiljbi?hl=en

   for Chrome,

or by

2. Adding the lines

   var cors=require('cors');
   
   app.use(cors());
   

to your express app.js page. (After npm install cors)

Answer 45

Another possible way to get empty request.body when you forget the name attribute from the input element...

<input type="text" /> /* give back empty request.body -> {}*/
<input type="text" name="username" /> /* give back request.body -> {"username": "your-input"} */

Answer 46

Simple example to get through all:

Express Code For Method='post' after Login:

This would not require any such bodyParser().

app.js

const express = require('express');
const mongoose = require('mongoose');
const mongoDB = require('mongodb');

const app = express();

app.set('view engine', 'ejs');

app.get('/admin', (req,res) => {
 res.render('admin');
});

app.post('/admin', (req,res) => {
 console.log(JSON.stringify(req.body.name));
 res.send(JSON.stringify(req.body.name));
});

app.listen(3000, () => {
 console.log('listening on 3000');
});

admin.ejs

<!DOCTYPE Html>
<html>
 <head>
  <title>Admin Login</title>
 </head>
 <body>
   <div>
    <center padding="100px">
       <form method="post" action="/admin">
          <div> Secret Key:
            <input name='name'></input>
          </div><br></br><br></br>
          <div>
            <button type="submit" onClick='smsAPI()'>Get OTP</button>
          </div>
       </form>
    </center>
    </div >
</body>
</html>

You get input. The 'name' in "" is a variable that carries data through method='post'. For multiple data input, name='name[]'.

Hence,

on name='name' 

input: Adu
backend: "Adu"

OR

input: Adu, Luv,
backend: "Adu, Luv,"

on

name='name[]'
input: Adu,45689, ugghb, Luv
backend: ["Adu,45689, ugghb, Luv"]

Answer 47

adding express.urlencoded({ extended: true }) to the route solves the problem.

router.post('/save',express.urlencoded({ extended: true }),  "your route");

Answer 48

You have to check following things for that:-
1. app.use(bodyParser.urlencoded({ extended: false }))

// parse application/json
app.use(bodyParser.json())
Implement body parser in your app.

2. Check headers in postman its should be based on your rest api's, like if your Content-Type: application/json it should be defined in your postman headers.

Answer 49

What I did in my case is that I declared app.use(express.json()); app.use(express.urlencoded({ extended: false })); before my routes, and the issue got solved. I hope this helps you too!

Answer 50

Try This

npm i multer --save

const express = require('express');
const multer  = require('multer');
const upload = multer();
const app = express();

app.post('/test', upload.any(), (req, res) => {
  console.log('data', req.body);
  res.setHeader('Content-Type', 'application/json');
  res.send(req.body);
});

Answer 51

In cases where bootstrap classes are used in form definition,getting rid of those classes first helped resolve the issue. I had struggled for some time only to find out the class php-email-form was the culprit.

 <form action="/route/login" method="POST" class="php-email-form row justify-content-center">

Answer 52

Okay This may sound Dumb but it worked for me.

as a total beginner, I didn't realized that writing:

router.post("/", (res, req) => {
  console.log(req.body);
  req.send("User Route");
});

is wrong !

You have make sure that you pass parameters(req,res) of post/get in right order: and call them accordingly:

router.post("/", (req, res) => {
  console.log(req.body);
  res.send("User Route");
});