Printing internal script:
var isIE = !document.currentScript;
function renderPRE( script, codeScriptName ){
  if (isIE) return;
  
  var jsCode = script.innerHTML.trim();
  // escape angled brackets between two _ESCAPE_START_ and _ESCAPE_END_ comments
  let textsToEscape = jsCode.match(new RegExp("// _ESCAPE_START_([^]*?)// _ESCAPE_END_", 'mg'));
  if (textsToEscape) {
    textsToEscape.forEach(textToEscape => {
      jsCode = jsCode.replace(textToEscape, textToEscape.replace(/</g, "<")
        .replace(/>/g, ">")
        .replace("// _ESCAPE_START_", "")
        .replace("// _ESCAPE_END_", "")
        .trim());
    });
  }
  script.insertAdjacentHTML('afterend', "<pre class='language-js'><code>" + jsCode + "</code></pre>");
}
<script>
// print this script:
let localScript = document.currentScript;
setTimeout(function(){
  renderPRE(localScript)
}, 1000);
</script>
 
 
Printing external script using XHR (AJAX):
var src = "https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.3.1/jquery.min.js";
// Exmaple from: 
// https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/XMLHttpRequest/Using_XMLHttpRequest
function reqListener(){
  console.log( this.responseText );
}
var oReq = new XMLHttpRequest();
oReq.addEventListener("load", reqListener);
oReq.open("GET", src);
oReq.send();
 
 
*DEPRECATED*: Without XHR (AKA Ajax)
If you want to print the contents of an external script (file must reside on the same domain), then it's possible to use a <link> tag with the rel="import"  attribute and then place the script's source in the href attribute. Here's a working example for this site:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
    <head>
       ...
       <link rel="import" href="autobiographical-number.js">
       ...
    </head>
    <body>
        <script>
            var importedScriptElm = document.querySelector('link[rel="import"]'),
                scriptText = scriptText.import.body.innerHTML;
            document.currentScript.insertAdjacentHTML('afterend', "<pre>" + scriptText + "</pre>");
        </script>
    </body>
</html>
This is still experimental technology, part of web-components. read more on MDN