There are plenty of USB->VGA adapters on the market. You can also Google "USB component video" for the kind of setup you're looking for as well.
A word of warning, though...
The MAXIMUM resolution a set of component video cables can carry is 854x480 progressive scan -- far, far below the resolution of any modern computer screen. A computer probably wouldn't even be usable at that resolution for anything other than a presentation screen.
Note that this assumes COMPONENT video (i.e. the kind with red, green, and blue video connector ends -- even though they do not correspond to RGB video). If you have a COMPOSITE connection (i.e. a single yellow connector), then the resolution is even lower -- 624x480 interlaced. If you want progressive scan over composite, you'd have to go 320x240. Note that this is the resolution of the original Nintendo circa 1983. No modern computer will operate at that resolution.