As per the RFC3912, there's no security considerations in the WHOIS protocol description.
- Security Considerations
The WHOIS protocol has no provisions for strong security. WHOIS
lacks mechanisms for access control, integrity, and confidentiality.
Accordingly, WHOIS-based services should only be used for information
which is non-sensitive and intended to be accessible to everyone.
Also, the referenced link provides an example on how the protocol works. As you might see, it's very, very simple and insinuate it has been designed for its purpose without additional complexity.
client server at whois.nic.mil
open TCP ---- (SYN) ------------------------------>
<---- (SYN+ACK) -------------------------
send query ---- "Smith<CR><LF>" -------------------->
get answer <---- "Info about Smith<CR><LF>" ---------
<---- "More info about Smith<CR><LF>" ----
close <---- (FIN) ------------------------------
----- (FIN) ----------------------------->