Run Update-Help -Force as local administrator as you have done already to make sure that the help files are present in C:\Windows\System32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\en-US or your locale.
Then verify that the file extensions for the about_ help files are actually .help.txt and not just .txt PowerShell help files need to be .help.txt.
There is an issue somewhere in the Update-Help process in PowerShell v5 where the files are being named .txt.
The following one-liner will Move-Item (not Rename-Item more on that below) all the .txt into .help.txt. This path will include Module help files also in the usual PowerShell system directory — make sure to check if your PowerShell is installed somewhere else.
Get-ChildItem -Path 'C:\Windows\System32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0' -Recurse -Include '*.txt' -Exclude '*.help.txt' | Move-Item -Destination { $_.DirectoryName + '\' + $_.Name -replace '.txt$','.help.txt' } -Force
After renaming the .txt to .help.txt your Get-Help about* will work again.
However, if you run Update-Help -Force a new set of incorrect .txt will be downloaded again. Hence the reason for the script above using Move-Item (instead of Rename-Item) as you can run it again for cleanup multiple times.
This issue needs to be sorted out by Microsoft.