I can't even figure out what these folders are called. The things inside them are apparently called "keys".
How do I add another folder so that I can handle another file type that isn't listed?

I can't even figure out what these folders are called. The things inside them are apparently called "keys".
How do I add another folder so that I can handle another file type that isn't listed?

You'll need to use gconftool-2 in order to do this properly:
gconftool-2 --type=bool --set "/desktop/gnome/thumbnailers/application@x-custom/enable" "false"
And to remove it:
gconftool-2 --unset --recursive-unset "/desktop/gnome/thumbnailers/application@x-custom"