Based on the information I can see from this page:
- FAT12 uses a maximum of 4086 clusters (2^12 - 10)
- FAT16 uses 65526 (2^16 - 10)
- FAT32 uses ~268435456 (2^28)
I understand that FAT32 uses 28 bits instead of 32 as 4 bits are reserved, but what about the discrepancy in the max number of clusters? Why do FAT12 and FAT16 have 10 less available clusters than they should do based on the number of bits available?
Are these clusters present but reserved for certain functionality? If so, what are they being used for?