I am grateful to the user Berend for turning my attention in the right direction: originally the question blamed fonts, which turned out not to be the case.
While there are lots of beautiful fonts with very good unicode support, I could find only two monospace fonts installable on Windows that show the particular unicode characters I need (such as , , , ...) in all editors where I would like to use them: GNU Unifont and Everson Mono . While they are ... well ..., ok, there are several better designed monospace fonts which only show these characters in some editors.
Namely, for example, Consolas shows them in Notepad, Notepad++, Word but does not show them in Emacs, Wordpad and Geany.
In case of Emacs (which I need in the first place) I tried Emacs for Windows, the one installed from cygwin and the one installed from mingw64, none of them displays these characters.
Windows 10 Pro 2004 build 19041.572 Windows Feature Experience Pack 120.2212.31.0
Further update - seems like e. g. Consolas does not in fact have these characters, some apps substitute them using some other fonts and some don't.
