I had this same issue - there were lots of things not working like desktop not showing / topbar missing / terminal had no close button or way to move/resize...etc. I'll quote my other answer over on the unix stack exchange: Fixing kali linux no desktop environment
EDIT - re-stating what is in the link
In the Kali Linux Xfce FAQ it states that if the xfce is not working you can run this command and reboot:
rm -r .cache .config .local
After rebooting - the machine should appear to be looking normal. Configuration you've done on the machine however will be gone such as the top menu launcher shortcuts and the terminal font size preference.
You can fix the blank "launcher" icons on the top bar. These can be set back to default for each menu "launcher by:
- 'right click' -> properties -> 'plus sign' -> text editor -> add -> close -> close
- 'right click' -> properties -> 'plus sign' -> firefox -> add -> close -> close
- 'right click' -> properties -> 'plus sign' -> terminal emulator -> add -> close -> close
Now however when you reboot the machine - it may go back to its original messed up state where the desktop has no icons and the close buttons are missing on the terminal windows.
What I have observed is that xfwm4 is not starting correctly. In the same document there is a section "No Terminal Showing Up" which says that you need to disable compositor. As per the doc:
To disable the compositor, go to “Settings -> Window Manager Tweaks” from the main menu on the desktop and:
- In the “Compositor” tab, uncheck Enable display compositing
Now that actually fixed the problem permanently for me. I can reboot the system over and over without having to remove the cache/config files every time.