USB is more than just signals on a wire that can be picked up by any device that happens to be listening, it is an entire stack of drivers, electronics, protocols and intelligent design. USB works on a host and client architecture, with a main device controlling and addressing specific devices connected to it.
Devices get configured and addressed based on where they are in the chain of devices connected to hubs and ports.
There are also many types of devices, from printers, serial port drivers, hard drives and even phones.
To "split" a single device the way you want may be theoretically feasible for the absolute simplest of devices that only ever transmit data and never get spoken to, but it would likely work only in one way. USB does not support multiple hosts (computers). You might (at best) be able to connect the data lines to two machines, but only one machine could, would, or should be able to talk to the USB device at all while you are hoping to get data back from both.
At best that means that one machine would understand what is going on "on the wires" because it is in control, while the other machine would be seeing a lot of host to client traffic it has no concept or understanding of or control over.
Power on the other hand is easy. Use a diode to block flow in a particular direction, to prevent damage to a computer, or use other protection devices. Done. No real intelligence needed.
What you want does not exist, it requires completely changing how USB works. USB is entirely point to point and can only ever have one "host" device on the chain of devices.