Is there a full list of these top level domains (TLD) that do not support WHOIS query?
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Most of the TLDs cannot do WHOIS queries mainly due to registry rules, transparency demands, and technical issues. Most of the country-code TLDs have strict rules that oblige the revealing of the information about the domain owners. Such countries are mainly keen on transparency rather than privacy. Examples of such TLDs include.in, which is a TLD of India,.eu of European Union, and.us, which is a TLD of United States. They have a public rule of giving one's details upon registration.
Another reason may be that some TLDs may not have the infrastructure in place to handle WHOIS queries. This may be due to a lack of a specific WHOIS server or newer protocols like RDAP (Registration Data Access Protocol), which is becoming increasingly popular but not yet implemented across all TLDs.
This has also led to the General Data Protection Regulation in Europe influencing how personal information is handled, causing some registries to limit access to WHOIS data while still complying with privacy laws.
The implications of registering domains without WHOIS privacy are significant. Owners may face increased risks of spam and unsolicited contacts, as their personal information becomes publicly accessible. For example, individuals who register domains under TLDs without privacy options often report receiving a high volume of unwanted communications.
Hence, though these TLDs fulfill legitimate purposes in respective regulatory systems, they do invite some personal privacy and security issues for domain holders.
