UPDATE: It appears this was a bug introduced in the KB5055518 update, and fixed with the KB5059379 update. Nothing was required except waiting a month for the fix.
The Jump Lists for programs in the Start menu used to show recently opened items, but my history stopped appearing there since taking the most recent updates (KB5055518).
I've verified that Settings > Personalization > Start > "Show recently opened items in Jump Lists on Start or the taskbar and in File Explorer Quick Access" is still enabled.
If I right-click on the taskbar icon for a running application, the Jump List does include recent items. It's only the Start menu that does not show them.
Since the setting claims to enable recent history for Jump Lists in all those locations but actual results vary by location, there must be another setting involved whose scope is limited to (or excludes) the Start menu.
How do I re-enable recent history for Start menu programs?
Windows 10 Pro 22H2, 19045.5737