24

I have a set of files in a directory numbered as follows:

file1.txt
file2.txt
...
file30.txt
...

Now, I'd like to run a command on a specific range of files, lets say 18 through 31.

So far I have used the following ways,

three arguments

command file1[8-9].txt file2[0-9].txt file3[0-1].txt

Now suppose I want every other number,

loop

for i in `jot - 18 31 2`; do echo file${i}.txt; done | xargs command

this seems like it's a more reliable loop (spaces work)

for i in `jot - 18 31 2`; do echo "\"file${i}.txt\" "; done | xargs command

but it seems like there should be a simpler way to do this. I am guessing the best solution is to create a bash function that will return the set of files to the command line. Then I could do something like,

command `filerange file 18 31`

Are there better ways or suggestions on doing this efficiently?

I apologize in advance if I missed this same question answered somewhere else on the web or on superuser.

milkypostman
  • 383

2 Answers2

38

Try this:

for file in file{18..31}.txt

It's known as a "sequence expression" and it's part of Bash's brace expansion feature. It works in Bash 3 and 4.

The increment feature is new to Bash 4. You probably have Bash 3.x.

In Bash 4, you can do:

$ for i in {1..6..2}; do echo $i; done
1
3
5

But in Bash 3, you have to do this to get the same results:

$ for ((i=1; i<=6; i+=2)); do echo $i; done

The same form incrementing by one:

$ for ((i=1; i<=6; i++)); do echo $i; done

Any of the numbers can be variables or expressions. However, in a sequence expression the numbers have to be constants

Here is an example using that form on your files:

for ((i=18; i<=31; i++))
do
    echo "file${i}.txt"
done

Another new feature of sequence expressions in Bash 4 is the ability to include leading zeros. This is useful if you want to create (and use) numbered files that can be properly sorted.

In Bash 4:

touch file{001..010}.txt

would create files named "file001.txt" through "file010.txt". Their names will sort in the expected order. Without the leading zeros, "file10.txt" would sort before "file1.txt".

To work with the files, you can use the same leading zero syntax:

for file in file{001..010}.txt; do echo "$file"; done

In Bash 3, if you need leading zeros, you need to pad the value yourself: 

for i in {1..10}
do
    printf -v i '%03d' $i 
    echo "file${i}.txt"
done

The printf statement will prepend the value of i with leading zeros so the width is 3, for example ("4" becomes "004").

Edit:

Accommodating spaces in filenames is straightforward:

$ touch "space name "{008..018..3}" more spaces"
$ ls -l sp*
-rw-r--r-- 1 user group 0 2011-01-22 11:48 space name 000008 more spaces
-rw-r--r-- 1 user group 0 2011-01-22 11:48 space name 000011 more spaces
-rw-r--r-- 1 user group 0 2011-01-22 11:48 space name 000014 more spaces
-rw-r--r-- 1 user group 0 2011-01-22 11:48 space name 000017 more spaces
$ for f in "space name "{008..018..3}" more spaces"; do mv "$f" "${f}.txt"; done
$ ls -l sp*
-rw-r--r-- 1 user group 0 2011-01-22 11:48 space name 000008 more spaces.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 user group 0 2011-01-22 11:48 space name 000011 more spaces.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 user group 0 2011-01-22 11:48 space name 000014 more spaces.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 user group 0 2011-01-22 11:48 space name 000017 more spaces.txt
Ruslan
  • 1,720
Dennis Williamson
  • 111,445
0

It's also possible to nest things, for example a folder of log files that have been rotated, where there is one plain file (.log), another plain file .log.1, and subsequent gzipped files (.log.n.gz). This will list the first 20:

user@host logs$ ls -la access.log{,.1,.{2..20}.gz}
-rw-r--r--  1 user  staff  4995098 30 Jan 21:18 access.log
-rw-r--r--  1 user  staff  4337943 30 Jan 21:18 access.log.1
-rw-r--r--  1 user  staff  4360603 20 Jan 21:19 access.log.10.gz
-rw-r--r--  1 user  staff  3168078 19 Jan 21:19 access.log.11.gz
-rw-r--r--  1 user  staff  1060425 18 Jan 21:19 access.log.12.gz
-rw-r--r--  1 user  staff  4368664 17 Jan 21:19 access.log.13.gz
-rw-r--r--  1 user  staff  3410695 16 Jan 21:19 access.log.14.gz
-rw-r--r--  1 user  staff  3422692 15 Jan 21:19 access.log.15.gz
-rw-r--r--  1 user  staff  2505676 14 Jan 21:19 access.log.16.gz
-rw-r--r--  1 user  staff  1322932 13 Jan 21:19 access.log.17.gz
-rw-r--r--  1 user  staff  1354940 12 Jan 21:19 access.log.18.gz
-rw-r--r--  1 user  staff  2532294 11 Jan 21:19 access.log.19.gz
-rw-r--r--  1 user  staff  1476880 28 Jan 21:19 access.log.2.gz
-rw-r--r--  1 user  staff  3011422 10 Jan 21:19 access.log.20.gz
-rw-r--r--  1 user  staff  1659280 27 Jan 21:19 access.log.3.gz
-rw-r--r--  1 user  staff  3482272 26 Jan 21:19 access.log.4.gz
-rw-r--r--  1 user  staff  3336843 25 Jan 21:19 access.log.5.gz
-rw-r--r--  1 user  staff  2952699 24 Jan 21:19 access.log.6.gz
-rw-r--r--  1 user  staff  1220768 23 Jan 21:19 access.log.7.gz
-rw-r--r--  1 user  staff  3788769 22 Jan 21:19 access.log.8.gz
-rw-r--r--  1 user  staff  3706914 21 Jan 21:19 access.log.9.gz
Dick Visser
  • 11