I ran into the same issue as Josh. I have 2 laptops with Win 10. I used msconfig to increase the number of processors on boot in advanced boot options. The first one takes much less time on boot after I made the changes. However, the second one would not boot after i did the same thing. It went to the diagnostic mode (Windows Recovery Environment). Very frustrate!
Anyway, here is what I did to solve this problem.
In Windows Recovery Environment (Diagnostic mode), click Troubleshoot
Advanced options
Command prompt
It goes to 'X:\Windows\System32\'. Change it to C: first, then list boot entries with 'bcdedit /v'
C:
bcdedit /v
In my case, it shows my boot entry with identifier as {xxxx-xxxx...} which has numproc entry
To be safe, you can write down the settings or output the existing settings to a file first in case you need to revert the changes
bcdedit /v > C:\backup.txt
I removed the numproc entry which made it use the system default value again by executing
bcdedit /deletevalue {xxxx-xxxx...} numproc
Now double check the entry has been deleted by executing the following command again
bcdedit /v
Now type "exit" then enter, then turn off the computer. Restart it again and my problem is solved.
In case you need to put back the value, you can do something like that
bcdedit /set {xxxx-xxxx....} numproc 2
You can run the following commands to get more help
bcdedit /?
bcdedit /deletevalue /?
bcdedit /set /?
I think this is a critical bug in Windows. If the settings could cause such result, they should do something like change the display settings which requires a confirm, if the settings not good or no confirm within 15 seconds or something then cancel the changes.
Hope this can help someone running into the same problem.