It's always risky to give a "No." answer to existence questions, because all it takes is a single counter example to completely refute, but let's go: no. That is not how explicitly VNC works.
You can however change the resolution with xrandr on the remote computer, but it is not VNC that would do this. The best a VNC viewer can do is give you a scrollable window.
Another option is to start a separate VNC server for your remote needs. Then you can choose the resolution you want. You can even connect to it locally on the remote machine if you need to do some work there as well. E.g.
vncserver -geometry 800x600
will start a VNC server on another display (e.g. :1 on port 5901 as compared to the default on :0, port 5900) in the background that you can connect to remotely.
More random tips: if you resize the applications to the VNC viewer's window size manually, it will emulate native resolution quite well, I find.