Why did dialup modems make noise?

Question

I know that the signal was just tone pulses but why was it when (back in the 90s) when you first connected to the internet you heard a bunch of funny noises. After that if you were to use the internet, it still was using the telephone line, why no funny noises then?

Answer 1

Modems originally allowed you to send data over a network that was designed to only carry voice. Because of that, the communication method between two modems had to be in the audible hearing range (or it would not get carried on the phone line). This is no longer needed because the phone system can now carry both voice and data at the same time (DSL).

The sounds were there all the time, you just needed to pick up the phone to hear it. The reason they played it over a loudspeaker to start with is so you could hear if somthing went wrong with the connection (busy signal, wrong number, a person picked up instead of a modem on the other end, etc).

Answer 2

Because the modem speaker was turned on by default, to give the user the feedback that something was happening during the handshake. With the proper setup of the AT commands you could have 3 modes - always on for speaker, totally silent during operation, and the default with speaker turned on during connect.

They were ATL and ATM if I remember correctly.

But the whole command (Hayes commands) to the modem was:

Attention. Loudness level x.
AT      Lx   (where x is 0 to 3)

Of course this was usually part of a longer string, and many instructions were set by default (unless specifically over-ridden).

Newer modems were able to be set; and stored a default command list.

Answer 3

The whistles and chirps and buzzes that you hear when a modem is going through its initial handshake process is a test of the telephone line quality. A modem send precisely specified sounds and the other listens see what it actually hears on the other end. This way the modems know how clear the line is between them and what sort of frequencies they can use to communicate with each other. The more frequencies they can use and the lower the noise, the higher the speed they'll be able to communicate at.

If a connection ever failed due to connection quality, it would generally fail during this initial handshake process. And if you were listening, you could usually tell why (e.g. you got an answering machine on the other end instead of a modem).

As such, modems were usually configured to play this handshake sequence out loud. This was configured by sending AT M1 to the modem during setup. Alternately, AT M2 means to leave the speaker on all the time, while AT M0 means don't turn the speaker on at all. See the AT command set for more information.

The actual transmission noise that you would hear if you picked up the phone during an active session (as opposed to during this handshake procedure) just sounds like static.

Answer 4

Those noises are the process of the 'hand-shake' going on between your modem and the modem of your ISP. In a literal sense, your modem is calling another modem, much like a classic telephone.

Once the connection is established (after the hand-shake is successful, i.e. the ISP's modem 'picks up'), there is no more need for any 'calling'.

Answer 5

The first modem I ever used was acoustically coupled--that is, you put the handset into a rubber dingus where transmitted/recieved the sound to/from a microphone/speaker on the modem body.

This was necessary for a while in the US because AT&T had government granted veto over the attachment of any electronic device to their wires---a rule that was later overturned.

On those things you could hear a little leakage if you were running it in a quite room.

Answer 6

The technical reason is that because modems work over phone lines, which are by and large used by human beings to make voice calls, it behooves us, in data communication equipment going over the voice network, to have an amplifier and speaker which monitor the audio signal on the line during connection establishment.

This lets us hear things like busy signals, or the voice of a human being if we happen to dial a telephone rather than another modem.

Of course, since the signals are all mixed into one line, we cannot just hear the voice or just the busy signal without also hearing the modem's signals.

Note how, at some point in the establishment of the data connection, the monitoring is disabled. This is a feature of the modem: it squelches that amplifier and speaker because the monitoring has served its purpose, and its continuation would be an annoyance.

Answer 7

The name MODEM is a contraction of MOdulator-DEModulator. Modems transmit data by Modulating a signal (tone), and receive data by Demodulating the signal (tone). The sound they generate is the modulated signal. By using a tone, they can transmit a digital signal over an acoustic (sound) channel. The original modems with the cups for the headset were also known as acoustic couplers.

The original modems used a simple signalling system. As speed increased, the signalling system became more complex. Noise on the line degrades the available speed. Higher speed signalling mechanisms have error correction, and speed adjustment mechanisms built into the protocol.

North American phone systems used to charge a premium for data conditioned lines. However, any phone line which was function within specifications was capable of carrying a 1200 bit/s signal. Higher speed signals did require a much better signal, and some lines which were fine for voice use would fail to carry the signal at the full rate.

Modern digital phone systems carry sound using a digital signal. In North America, the signal is at 56 kbit/s. This is the upper limit on modem signals traversing a digital switch in North America. Last I knew, European used a 64 kbit/s channel. I don't know if Modems in Europe are/were capable of carrying a 64 kbit/s modem signal.