The address lists for any recent version of Exchange is part of the Active Directory Domain controllers. So just point your LDAP client at one of your DCs.
The 'Global Address List' and other address lists you see in your Address books are just LDAP filter that selects a particular set of users.
The 'All Users' list is defined by this filter.
((Alias -ne $null) -and (((((ObjectCategory -like 'person') -and (ObjectClass -eq 'user') -and (-not(Database -ne $null)) -and (-not(ServerLegacyDN -ne $null)))) -or (((ObjectCategory -like 'person') -and (ObjectClass -eq 'user') -and (((Database -ne $null) -or (ServerLegacyDN -ne $null))))))))
is there a way I can get all the details I need (server, LDAP string, or whatever else) just by looking at my configured Outlook without having ask for these?
If your inside your network, then you can usually find your list of domain controllers with a dns lookup. For a domain named exmaple.org, you might get what you need like this.
$ dig -t srv _ldap._tcp.example.org
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;_ldap._tcp.example.org. IN SRV
;; ANSWER SECTION:
_ldap._tcp.example.org. 600 IN SRV 0 100 389 ds-02.example.org.
_ldap._tcp.example.org. 600 IN SRV 0 100 389 ds-03.example.org.
_ldap._tcp.example.org. 600 IN SRV 0 100 389 ds-01.example.org.
;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:
ds-01.example.org. 3600 IN A 10.1.1.51
ds-02.example.org. 3600 IN A 10.2.1.52
ds-03.example.org. 3600 IN A 10.1.1.50
Getting the other details you need to authenticate to the directory will be a little tricky. Your basedn will probably be like dc=example,dc=org. You should be able to use the User principal name to authenticate to AD. Frequently your UPN will be the same as your primary email address, it is sAMAccountName@Domain suffix.