It's unlikely they're on the same Subnet.
A Subnet is separated from another Subnet by a router. The fact that they have different default gateways would indicate they're possibly on different Subnets. You could confirm this by looking at the Subnet mask each device has.
If both devices have their Subnet mask set to 255.255.0.0 then they will be on the same subnet (there are other masks that would also put them in the same Subnet).
Looking at the IP information you have provided, there's a good chance that both devices will have the following Subnet mask: 255.255.255.0. This Subnet mask means that they would be on different Subnets.
Being on different Subnets means that they will only be able to communicate with each other providing that each router has learnt or been manually given a route to the other network.
Even with routes to each other, there can still be various reasons why a ping will not work. As an example, the ICMP echo (ping) could be blocked on a network switches' ACL (Access Control List). This means that your devices could communicate with each other in all other aspects, just cannot ping each other.
If your phone has the feature, then a way you could do this is to create a hotspot on your phone. Connect the laptop to the hotspot and they will then be on the same network and you should find they will be able to ping each other.
