The answer of Znuff is great (accepted & upvoted) and paved the way for my own solution.
As it is Unix-specific and I had to work on Win, here is my solution for Windows 7 and up:
I used two batch files (Master.cmd and Slave.cmd) to loop through all images and burn the filenames into them.
Master.cmd:
forfiles /p "MyImagesSubPath" /m "2014-02-15*.png" /c "cmd /c ..\Slave.cmd @file @fname
Slave.cmd:
ffmpeg -i "%~1" -vf "crop=1072:1192:24:101, drawtext=text=%~2: fontcolor=white: fontsize=60: box=1: boxcolor=black@0.6: x=50:y=50: fontfile=c\\:\\\\Windows\\\\Fonts\\\\myfont.ttf" "mod_%~1"
Explanation:
It is necessary to use two batches for multiple reasons:
1. The /c parameter of forfiles accepts only a command line of limited length (253 characters)
2. Nesting the FFmpeg command into the forfiles /c parameter would require an insane level of character excaping.
The filename filter "2014-....png" in Master.cmd is used to prevent the loop from reprocessing its own output (named "mod_....png") in an endless loop. You must adapt that filter string to match your source images.
The Slave batch is executed from within the sub directory "MyImagesSubPath" below the batch directory (this is, where you have to place your source images). Slave.cmd receives the filename with and without extension (.png) as its two parameters.
The filename parameter without extension is used as text to be burned into the image. The resulting images are stored with the prefix "mod_" in the same path as the original images.
The filenames may contain blanks.