I had spilled a drink onto my laptop keyboard. During disassembly, I found this strange item inside. Looks like a piece of sticky rubber.
What is it? What is the purpose of it?

I had spilled a drink onto my laptop keyboard. During disassembly, I found this strange item inside. Looks like a piece of sticky rubber.
What is it? What is the purpose of it?

Its most likely an insulator to protect from an electrical short from the keyboard (or whatever was above/below it).
It looks a bit too thick for an insulator, so I would say it's a thermal pad.
It's designed to make thermal contact (transfer heat) between what's below it (most likely CPU voltage regulators) and what's above it, which is a metallic part (either a dedicated heatsink or just a big part of the laptop casing) that will dissipate heat.