I have two DVDs and if I open the DVDs and copy the content to the HDD and compare the respective files on the HDD it shows no difference. As I know DVD does also have some additional content (this content includes information saying if the DVD is bootable and some formating information I guess).
How can I check also this additional content?
Is it somehow possible without additional programs, using Windows or Ubuntu?
The easiest way to determine if 2 discs are the same is to run a hash of both of them:
sudo md5sum /dev/cdrom
If the hashes match, the disks are exactly the same. However this will not tell you what is different about them. Even if a single bit is different you would get a totally different hash.
You can check the partition table of a disc with fdisk:
sudo fdisk -l /dev/cdrom
Just comparing the folders and files misses other things about the disc. If you create an .ISO image file from each disc and byte compare them you'd have a better idea of the discs are really the same or not.
When using Windows you can use the Microsoft File Checksum Integrity Verifier to get hash values of files on the disk.
The Microsoft File Checksum Integrity Verifier tool is an unsupported command line utility that computes MD5 or SHA1 cryptographic hashes for files.
To compare the content of the files one can use tools such as freefilesynch. But it is not possible to compare the format tables of boot sector of those DVDs
