Annex B is the current standard for digital subscriber line (DSL) in Germany. A DSL-splitter is an analog L-C-filter to separate the POTS (plain old telephone service, like voice and ISDN, FAX) signals from the DSL signal.
Is the DSL-splitter required, if no devices but a DSL-Modem is connected to the line?
If yes, one could test if a splitter is faulty by connecting the Modem direct to the line. The bandwidth should be similar in both situations.