The terms to look for are
- associate
- CompressedFolder
An equivalent question was asked in Can you configure Windows to open JAR files like ZIP files without a 3rd party tool?, using this command for .jar files:
assoc .jar=CompressedFolder
from the command-line, using elevated privileges since it updates the registry. You could use the same method for associating the .sublime-package file type with CompressedFolder:
assoc .sublime-package=CompressedFolder
Microsoft documents the assoc program in several places, e.g., How to Use the Assoc Command to Change File Associations . It has been available since Windows 2000, at least.
In Associate .zip extension to which Windows 7 program?, the answer points to a page containing registry fixes (not what you need), but providing an illustration of what is stored in the registry. For zip-files, it updates several keys in HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\CompressedFolder.