I know that for a gyroscope, you can detect pitch, roll, and yaw, but how does a phone (or other machine) know what direction the phone is facing (north, east, south, west)?
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The majority of smartphones include a compass sensor; a sensor which responds to Magnetic North.
Through this the phone can tell exactly which direction you're facing, and can use this data, combined with the accelerometer & gyroscope, to help GPS applications with location 'fixing'.
AStopher
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