Turbinicarpus

Familia: Cactaceae
Subfamilia: Cactoideae
Tribus: Cacteae
Genus:
Subgenera: T. subg. Gymnocactus – T. subg. Turbinicarpus
Accepted Species: T. alonsoi – T. boedekerianus – T. gielsdorfianus – T. graminispinus – T. hoferi – T. laui – T. lophophoroides – T. nikolae – T. pseudopectinatus – T. saueri – T. schmiedickeanus – T. swobodae – T. valdezianus – T. viereckii
Disputed Species: T. bonatzii – T. dickisoniae – T. flaviflorus – T. jauernigii – T. knuthianus – T. nieblae – T. rioverdensis – T. schwarzii – T. ysabelae
Natural Nothospecies: T. × amoenulus – T. × mombergeri – T. × roseiflorus

Turbinicarpus (Backeb.) Buxb. & Backeb. (1937)

• Type species: Turbinicarpus schmiedickeanus (Boed.) Buxb. & Backeb. (1937)

• Basionym
  • Strombocactus subg. Turbinicarpus Backeb., Blätt. Kakteenf. (1936)
• Heterotypic
  • Gymnocactus Backeb., Blätt. Kakteenf. 1938(6): [22]. (1938)
    • Type species: Gymnocactus saueri (Boed.) Backeb.
  • Gymnocactus V.John & Říha, Kaktusy (Brno) 19(1): 22. (1981), nom. illeg. non Backeb. (1938).
    • Type species: Gymnocactus beguinii (F.A.C.Weber ex K.Schum.) Backeb.
  • Normanbokea Kladiwa & Buxb., Kakteen (H. Krainz) 40/41: Gen. [CVIIb]. (1969)
    • Type species: Normanbokea valdeziana (H.Moeller) Kladiwa & Buxb.
  • Pseudosolisia Y.Itô, Cactaceae: 477. (1981)
    • Type: Pseudosolisia valdeziana (H.Moeller) Y.Itô (1981)
      

Npte: Species circumscription differs significantly between the sources below and CACO includes both natural and artificial nothospecies. See Table 1 Vazquez-Sanchez (2019) for an example of the still unresolved problem. The Accepted Species above are consensually accepted across multiple sources. The disputed species are mostly placed into synonymies by the Flora of Mexico (citation to come)

• Buxbaum, F. & Backeberg, C. 1937. Cactaceae. Jahrbücher der Deutschen Kakteen-Gesellschaft e. V. Berlin 1937(1): 27.

• Hunt, D. 2016. CITES Cactaceae Checklist, ed. 3: 1–174. PDF. Reference page. 
• Korotkova, N., Aquino, D., Arias, S., Eggli, U., Franck, A. , Gómez-Hinostrosa, C., Guerrero, P.C., Hernández, H.M., Kohlbecker, A., Köhler, M., Luther, K., Majure, L.C., Müller, A., Metzing, D., Nyffeler, R., Sánchez, D., Schlumpberger, B. & Berendsohn, W.G. 2021. Cactaceae at Caryophyllales. org–a dynamic online species-level taxonomic backbone for the family. Willdenowia 51(2): 251–270. DOI: 10.3372/wi.51.51208 Reference page. 
• Vazquez-Sanchez, M., Sánchez, D., Terrazas, T., De La Rosa-Tilapa, A. & Arias, S. 2019. Polyphyly of the iconic cactus genus Turbinicarpus (Cactaceae) and its generic circumscription. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 190(4): 405-420. DOI: 10.1093/botlinnean/boz027 ResearchGate Reference page. 

• Govaerts, R. et al. 2025. Turbinicarpus in Kew Science Plants of the World Online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2025 Jan. 9. Reference page. 
• Korotkova, N. et al. 2025. Turbinicarpus in Cactaceae at Caryophyllales.org. A global synthesis of species diversity in the angiosperm order Caryophyllales. Published online. Accessed: 2025 Jan. 11. Reference page. 
• International Plant Names Index. 2025. Turbinicarpus. Published online. Accessed: Jan. 9 2025. Reference page.
• Tropicos.org 2021. Turbinicarpus. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 29 Mar 2021. Reference page.
• Hassler, M. 2021. Turbinicarpus. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World In: Roskovh, Y., Abucay, L., Orrell, T., Nicolson, D., Bailly, N., Kirk, P., Bourgoin, T., DeWalt, R.E., Decock, W., De Wever, A., Nieukerken, E. van, Zarucchi, J. & Penev, L., eds. 2021. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Published online. Accessed: 2021 Mar 29. Reference page. 
• Turbinicarpus in eFloraMEX , accessed on 2025 July 14. Reference page. 

For more multimedia, look at Turbinicarpus on Wikimedia Commons.