ání
See also: Appendix:Variations of "ani"
Navajo
Etymology
ʼá- (“thus”) + -di- (“oral”) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -ní (neuter imperfective stem of root -NIID, “to say”).
Verb
ání
- he/she says thus, he/she says as follows
- Mąʼii ání “doo shił bééhózin da”. ― The coyote says, “I donʼt know”.
- (with bíká) he/she calls him/her, he/she gets his/her attention
- Bíká ádíshní. ― Iʼm calling him.
- Yíká ání. ― Heʼs calling him.
- denotes sounds produced by animals
- Atʼéés bimósí yázhí ání. ― The girlʼs little kitten meows/cries.
- Shimá yázhí bidibé ádaaní. ― My auntʼs sheep bleat.
Usage notes
This is a neuter verb that uses only the imperfective mode. Other modes are suppleted by the active verb niih, reproduced below for convenience.
Conjugation
Paradigm: Neuter imperfective (∅), with some irregularities.
| imperfective | singular | duoplural | plural |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person | ádíshní | ádiiʼní | ádadiiʼní |
| 2nd person | ádíní | ádóhní | ádadohní |
| 3rd person | ání | ádaaní | |
| 4th person | ájíní | ádajiní | |
| perfective | singular | duoplural | plural |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person | ádííniid | ádiiʼniid | ádadiiʼniid |
| 2nd person | ádííníniid | ádooniid | ádadooniid |
| 3rd person | ádííniid | ádadííniid | |
| 4th person | ájidííniid | ádazhdííniid | |
| future | singular | duoplural | plural |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person | ádideeshniił | ádidiiʼniił | ádadidiiʼniił |
| 2nd person | ádidííniił | ádidoohniił | ádadidoohniił |
| 3rd person | ádidooniił | ádadidooniił | |
| 4th person | ádizhdooniił | ádazhdidooniił | |
| iterative | singular | duoplural | plural |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person | áńdíshʼniih | áńdiiʼniih | áńdadiiʼniih |
| 2nd person | áńdíʼniih | áńdóhʼniih | áńdadohʼniih |
| 3rd person | áńdíʼniih | áńdadiʼniih | |
| 4th person | ánízhdíʼniih | áńdazhdiʼniih | |
| optative | singular | duoplural | plural |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person | ádóshneʼ | ádooʼneʼ | ádadooʼneʼ |
| 2nd person | ádóóneʼ | ádoohneʼ | ádadoohneʼ́ |
| 3rd person | ádóneʼ | ádadóneʼ | |
| 4th person | ázhdóneʼ | ádazhdóneʼ | |