ēkallum

Akkadian

Etymology

Borrowed from Sumerian 𒂍𒃲 (e₂-gal /⁠ēgal⁠/).

Pronunciation

(Old Babylonian) IPA^(key): /eːˈkal.lum/

Noun

ēkallum f (construct state ēkal, pronominal state ēkalla, plural ēkallātum)

(royal) palace
Synonym: 𒂍 (bītum)

𒅆𒅗𒅈 𒂊𒅗𒀠𒇷𒉎 𒌑𒌌 𒉌𒅖𒋾
[šikar ēkallim ul ništi]
ši-ka-ar e-ka-al-li-im u₂-ul ni-iš-ti
We didn't drink the beer of the palace.
administrative authority, government

Alternative forms

ēkallu (non-mimated form)

Cuneiform spellings
Logograms	Phonetic	Mixed
𒂍𒃲 (E₂.GAL) (Neo-Assyrian) 𒆳 (KUR) (plural) 𒂍𒃲𒎌 (E₂.GAL.MEŠ)	𒂊𒅗𒀠𒈝 (e-ka-al-lum) (non-mimated) 𒂊𒆗𒇻 (e-kal-lu)	𒂍𒃲𒈝 (E₂.GAL-lum)

Descendants

→ Proto-West Semitic: *haykal- (probably)
- Arabic: هَيْكَل (haykal)
  - → English: haikal
  - → Ge'ez: ሀይከል (häykäl)
  - → Classical Persian: هَیکَل (haykal)
    - Tajik: ҳайкал (haykal)
    - → Azerbaijani: heykəl
    - → Bashkir: һәйкәл (həykəl)
    - → English: heykel
    - → Northern Kurdish: heykel
    - → Tatar: һәйкәл (häykäl)
    - → Chagatai:
      - Uzbek: haykal
      - Uyghur: ھەيكەل (heykel)
    - → Zazaki: heykel
  - → Swahili: hekalu
  - → Turkmen: heýkel
  - → Ottoman Turkish: هیكل (heykel)
    - Turkish: heykel
- Aramaic:
  - Biblical Aramaic: הֵיכְלָא (hēḵəlā)
  - Classical Syriac: ܗܝܟܠܐ (haykəlā)
    - → Sogdian: 𐼳𐼷𐼸𐽄𐼰 (hyklʾ /⁠heykala⁠/, “nave”)
  - Imperial Aramaic: 𐡄𐡉𐡊𐡋𐡀 (hyklʾ)
  - → Ancient Greek: ἀειχάλας (aeikhálas)
- Biblical Hebrew: הֵיכָל (heḵɔ́l)
  - → Israeli Hebrew: היכל (hekhál)
- Old South Arabian: 𐩠𐩺𐩫𐩡 (hykl)
→ Ugaritic: 𐎅𐎋𐎍 (hkl /⁠hêkal⁠/)