šis

See also: Appendix:Variations of "sis"

Latvian

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *śís, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱís, an alteration of *ḱe (this). (Note that, since Proto-Baltic regularly yields Latvian s, the original form of this pronoun must have been *sis; the initial š is probably the result of extension from other forms, like the masculine genitive singular šā < *syā < *siā.) Cognates include Lithuanian ši̇̀s, Old Prussian schis, sis, Proto-Slavic *sь, Gothic 𐌷𐌹𐌼𐌼𐌰 (himma) (dative), Latin cis (this side of).[1]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [ˈʃis̪]

Pronoun

šis (demonstrative, proximal) (distal: tas)

  1. (used as a determiner) this
    šis ūdens ir netīrsthis water is dirty
    šī izrāde bija ļoti interesantathis show was very interesting
    šai miglā es nekā neredzu!in this fog I don't (= can't) see anything!
  2. (used as a pronoun) this, this one
    šis ir zirgsthis is a horse
    šī ir vistathis is a chicken
    šis nekā neatbildējathis one (= person) answered nothing

Declension

Declension of šis
masculine (vīriešu dzimte) feminine (sieviešu dzimte)
singular plural singular plural
nominative šis šie šī šīs, šās
genitive šī, šā šo šīs, šās šo
dative šim šiem šai šīm, šām
accusative šo šos šo šīs, šās
instrumental šo šiem šo šīm, šām
locative šajā, šai, šinī šajos, šais, šinīs šajā, šai, šinī šajās, šais, šinīs
vocative

Derived terms

References

  1. ^ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “šis”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca [Latvian Etymological Dictionary]‎[1] (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN

Lithuanian

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *śís, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱís, an alteration of *ḱe (this). Cognates include Latvian šis, Old Prussian schis, sis, Proto-Slavic *sь, Gothic 𐌷𐌹𐌼𐌼𐌰 (himma) (dative), Latin cis (this side of).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [ɕìs̪]

Pronoun

ši̇̀s (demonstrative, proximal); (distal: tas)

  1. (used as a determiner) this
    ši̇̀s vanduõ yrà pur̃vinasthis water is dirty
    ši̇̀ laidà bùvo labai̇̃ į̇̃domithis TV show was very interesting
    šiamè rūkè àš negaliù nematýti!I can't see anything in this fog!

Declension

Derived terms