šis
Latvian
Etymology
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *śís, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱís, an alteration of *ḱe (“this”). (Note that, since Proto-Baltic *ś regularly yields Latvian s, the original form of this pronoun must have been *sis; the initial š is probably the result of extension from other forms, like the masculine genitive singular šā < *syā < *siā.) Cognates include Lithuanian ši̇̀s, Old Prussian schis, sis, Proto-Slavic *sь, Gothic 𐌷𐌹𐌼𐌼𐌰 (himma) (dative), Latin cis (“this side of”).[1]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈʃis̪]
Pronoun
šis (demonstrative, proximal) (distal: tas)
- (used as a determiner) this
- šis ūdens ir netīrs ― this water is dirty
- šī izrāde bija ļoti interesanta ― this show was very interesting
- šai miglā es nekā neredzu! ― in this fog I don't (= can't) see anything!
- (used as a pronoun) this, this one
- šis ir zirgs ― this is a horse
- šī ir vista ― this is a chicken
- šis nekā neatbildēja ― this one (= person) answered nothing
Declension
| masculine (vīriešu dzimte) | feminine (sieviešu dzimte) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | singular | plural | ||
| nominative | šis | šie | šī | šīs, šās | |
| genitive | šī, šā | šo | šīs, šās | šo | |
| dative | šim | šiem | šai | šīm, šām | |
| accusative | šo | šos | šo | šīs, šās | |
| instrumental | šo | šiem | šo | šīm, šām | |
| locative | šajā, šai, šinī | šajos, šais, šinīs | šajā, šai, šinī | šajās, šais, šinīs | |
| vocative | — | — | — | — | |
Derived terms
Related terms
References
- ^ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “šis”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca [Latvian Etymological Dictionary][1] (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN
Lithuanian
Etymology
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *śís, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱís, an alteration of *ḱe (“this”). Cognates include Latvian šis, Old Prussian schis, sis, Proto-Slavic *sь, Gothic 𐌷𐌹𐌼𐌼𐌰 (himma) (dative), Latin cis (“this side of”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ɕìs̪]
Pronoun
ši̇̀s (demonstrative, proximal); (distal: tas)
- (used as a determiner) this
Declension
| masculine | feminine | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | singular | plural | ||||||
| nominative (vardininkas) | ši̇̀s | šiẽ | ši̇̀ | šiõs | |||||
| genitive (kilmininkas) | šiõ | šių̃ | šiõs | šių̃ | |||||
| dative (naudininkas) | šiám | ši̇́ems | šiái | šióms | |||||
| accusative (galininkas) | šį̇̃ | šiuõs | šią̃ | šiàs | |||||
| instrumental (įnagininkas) | šiuõ | šiai̇̃s | šià | šiomi̇̀s | |||||
| locative (vietininkas) | šiamè | šiuosè | šiojè | šiosè | |||||