διαγωνίζομαι

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From δῐᾰ- (dĭă-, “across”) +‎ ᾰ̓γωνῐ́ζομαι (ăgōnĭ́zomai, “contend for a prize”).

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /di.a.ɡɔː.níz.do.mai̯/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /di.a.ɡoˈni.zo.mɛ/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ði.a.ɣoˈni.zo.mɛ/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ði.a.ɣoˈni.zo.me/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ði.a.ɣoˈni.zo.me/

Verb

δῐᾰγωνῐ́ζομαι • (dĭăgōnĭ́zomai)

(deponent) to contend, struggle or fight against
to fight desperately, contend earnestly

Conjugation

Present: δῐᾰγωνῐ́ζομαι

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
middle/ passive	indicative	δῐᾰγωνῐ́ζομαι	δῐᾰγωνῐ́ζῃ / δῐᾰγωνῐ́ζει	δῐᾰγωνῐ́ζεται	δῐᾰγωνῐ́ζεσθον	δῐᾰγωνῐ́ζεσθον	δῐᾰγωνῐζόμεθᾰ	δῐᾰγωνῐ́ζεσθε	δῐᾰγωνῐ́ζονται
	subjunctive	δῐᾰγωνῐ́ζωμαι	δῐᾰγωνῐ́ζῃ	δῐᾰγωνῐ́ζηται	δῐᾰγωνῐ́ζησθον	δῐᾰγωνῐ́ζησθον	δῐᾰγωνῐζώμεθᾰ	δῐᾰγωνῐ́ζησθε	δῐᾰγωνῐ́ζωνται
	optative	δῐᾰγωνῐζοίμην	δῐᾰγωνῐ́ζοιο	δῐᾰγωνῐ́ζοιτο	δῐᾰγωνῐ́ζοισθον	δῐᾰγωνῐζοίσθην	δῐᾰγωνῐζοίμεθᾰ	δῐᾰγωνῐ́ζοισθε	δῐᾰγωνῐ́ζοιντο
	imperative		δῐᾰγωνῐ́ζου	δῐᾰγωνῐζέσθω	δῐᾰγωνῐ́ζεσθον	δῐᾰγωνῐζέσθων		δῐᾰγωνῐ́ζεσθε	δῐᾰγωνῐζέσθων
						middle/passive
infinitive						δῐᾰγωνῐ́ζεσθαι
participle	m					δῐᾰγωνῐζόμενος
	f					δῐᾰγωνῐζομένη
	n					δῐᾰγωνῐζόμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Imperfect: δῐηγωνῐζόμην

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
middle/ passive	indicative	δῐηγωνῐζόμην	δῐηγωνῐ́ζου	δῐηγωνῐ́ζετο	δῐηγωνῐ́ζεσθον	δῐηγωνῐζέσθην	δῐηγωνῐζόμεθᾰ	δῐηγωνῐ́ζεσθε	δῐηγωνῐ́ζοντο
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Future: δῐᾰγωνῐέομαι, δῐᾰγωνῐσθήσομαι (Uncontracted)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
middle	indicative	δῐᾰγωνῐέομαι	δῐᾰγωνῐέῃ / δῐᾰγωνῐέει	δῐᾰγωνῐέεται	δῐᾰγωνῐέεσθον	δῐᾰγωνῐέεσθον	δῐᾰγωνῐεόμεθᾰ	δῐᾰγωνῐέεσθε	δῐᾰγωνῐέονται
middle	optative	δῐᾰγωνῐεοίμην	δῐᾰγωνῐέοιο	δῐᾰγωνῐέοιτο	δῐᾰγωνῐέοισθον	δῐᾰγωνῐεοίσθην	δῐᾰγωνῐεοίμεθᾰ	δῐᾰγωνῐέοισθε	δῐᾰγωνῐέοιντο
passive	indicative	δῐᾰγωνῐσθήσομαι	δῐᾰγωνῐσθήσῃ	δῐᾰγωνῐσθήσεται	δῐᾰγωνῐσθήσεσθον	δῐᾰγωνῐσθήσεσθον	δῐᾰγωνῐσθησόμεθᾰ	δῐᾰγωνῐσθήσεσθε	δῐᾰγωνῐσθήσονται
passive	optative	δῐᾰγωνῐσθησοίμην	δῐᾰγωνῐσθήσοιο	δῐᾰγωνῐσθήσοιτο	δῐᾰγωνῐσθήσοισθον	δῐᾰγωνῐσθησοίσθην	δῐᾰγωνῐσθησοίμεθᾰ	δῐᾰγωνῐσθήσοισθε	δῐᾰγωνῐσθήσοιντο
					middle		passive
infinitive					δῐᾰγωνῐέεσθαι		δῐᾰγωνῐσθήσεσθαι
participle	m				δῐᾰγωνῐεόμενος		δῐᾰγωνῐσθησόμενος
	f				δῐᾰγωνῐεομένη		δῐᾰγωνῐσθησομένη
	n				δῐᾰγωνῐεόμενον		δῐᾰγωνῐσθησόμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Future: δῐᾰγωνῐοῦμαι, δῐᾰγωνῐσθήσομαι (Contracted)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
middle	indicative	δῐᾰγωνῐοῦμαι	δῐᾰγωνῐῇ	δῐᾰγωνῐεῖται	δῐᾰγωνῐεῖσθον	δῐᾰγωνῐεῖσθον	δῐᾰγωνῐούμεθᾰ	δῐᾰγωνῐεῖσθε	δῐᾰγωνῐοῦνται
middle	optative	δῐᾰγωνῐοίμην	δῐᾰγωνῐοῖο	δῐᾰγωνῐοῖτο	δῐᾰγωνῐοῖσθον	δῐᾰγωνῐοίσθην	δῐᾰγωνῐοίμεθᾰ	δῐᾰγωνῐοῖσθε	δῐᾰγωνῐοῖντο
passive	indicative	δῐᾰγωνῐσθήσομαι	δῐᾰγωνῐσθήσῃ	δῐᾰγωνῐσθήσεται	δῐᾰγωνῐσθήσεσθον	δῐᾰγωνῐσθήσεσθον	δῐᾰγωνῐσθησόμεθᾰ	δῐᾰγωνῐσθήσεσθε	δῐᾰγωνῐσθήσονται
passive	optative	δῐᾰγωνῐσθησοίμην	δῐᾰγωνῐσθήσοιο	δῐᾰγωνῐσθήσοιτο	δῐᾰγωνῐσθήσοισθον	δῐᾰγωνῐσθησοίσθην	δῐᾰγωνῐσθησοίμεθᾰ	δῐᾰγωνῐσθήσοισθε	δῐᾰγωνῐσθήσοιντο
					middle		passive
infinitive					δῐᾰγωνῐεῖσθαι		δῐᾰγωνῐσθήσεσθαι
participle	m				δῐᾰγωνῐούμενος		δῐᾰγωνῐσθησόμενος
	f				δῐᾰγωνῐουμένη		δῐᾰγωνῐσθησομένη
	n				δῐᾰγωνῐούμενον		δῐᾰγωνῐσθησόμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Aorist: δῐηγωνῐσᾰ́μην, δῐηγωνῐ́σθην

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
middle	indicative	δῐηγωνῐσᾰ́μην	δῐηγωνῐ́σω	δῐηγωνῐ́σᾰτο	δῐηγωνῐ́σᾰσθον	δῐηγωνῐσᾰ́σθην	δῐηγωνῐσᾰ́μεθᾰ	δῐηγωνῐ́σᾰσθε	δῐηγωνῐ́σᾰντο
	subjunctive	δῐᾰγωνῐ́σωμαι	δῐᾰγωνῐ́σῃ	δῐᾰγωνῐ́σηται	δῐᾰγωνῐ́σησθον	δῐᾰγωνῐ́σησθον	δῐᾰγωνῐσώμεθᾰ	δῐᾰγωνῐ́σησθε	δῐᾰγωνῐ́σωνται
	optative	δῐᾰγωνῐσαίμην	δῐᾰγωνῐ́σαιο	δῐᾰγωνῐ́σαιτο	δῐᾰγωνῐ́σαισθον	δῐᾰγωνῐσαίσθην	δῐᾰγωνῐσαίμεθᾰ	δῐᾰγωνῐ́σαισθε	δῐᾰγωνῐ́σαιντο
	imperative		δῐᾰγώνῐσαι	δῐᾰγωνῐσᾰ́σθω	δῐᾰγωνῐ́σᾰσθον	δῐᾰγωνῐσᾰ́σθων		δῐᾰγωνῐ́σᾰσθε	δῐᾰγωνῐσᾰ́σθων
passive	indicative	δῐηγωνῐ́σθην	δῐηγωνῐ́σθης	δῐηγωνῐ́σθη	δῐηγωνῐ́σθητον	δῐηγωνῐσθήτην	δῐηγωνῐ́σθημεν	δῐηγωνῐ́σθητε	δῐηγωνῐ́σθησᾰν
	subjunctive	δῐᾰγωνῐσθῶ	δῐᾰγωνῐσθῇς	δῐᾰγωνῐσθῇ	δῐᾰγωνῐσθῆτον	δῐᾰγωνῐσθῆτον	δῐᾰγωνῐσθῶμεν	δῐᾰγωνῐσθῆτε	δῐᾰγωνῐσθῶσῐ(ν)
	optative	δῐᾰγωνῐσθείην	δῐᾰγωνῐσθείης	δῐᾰγωνῐσθείη	δῐᾰγωνῐσθεῖτον / δῐᾰγωνῐσθείητον	δῐᾰγωνῐσθείτην / δῐᾰγωνῐσθειήτην	δῐᾰγωνῐσθεῖμεν / δῐᾰγωνῐσθείημεν	δῐᾰγωνῐσθεῖτε / δῐᾰγωνῐσθείητε	δῐᾰγωνῐσθεῖεν / δῐᾰγωνῐσθείησᾰν
	imperative		δῐᾰγωνῐ́σθητῐ	δῐᾰγωνῐσθήτω	δῐᾰγωνῐ́σθητον	δῐᾰγωνῐσθήτων		δῐᾰγωνῐ́σθητε	δῐᾰγωνῐσθέντων
					middle		passive
infinitive					δῐᾰγωνῐ́σᾰσθαι		δῐᾰγωνῐσθῆναι
participle	m				δῐᾰγωνῐσᾰ́μενος		δῐᾰγωνῐσθείς
	f				δῐᾰγωνῐσᾰμένη		δῐᾰγωνῐσθεῖσᾰ
	n				δῐᾰγωνῐσᾰ́μενον		δῐᾰγωνῐσθέν
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Perfect: δῐηγώνῐσμαι

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
middle/ passive	indicative	δῐηγώνῐσμαι	δῐηγώνῐσαι	δῐηγώνῐσται	δῐηγώνῐσθον	δῐηγώνῐσθον	δῐηγωνῐ́σμεθᾰ	δῐηγώνῐσθε	δῐηγωνῐ́δᾰται
	subjunctive	δῐηγωνῐσμένος ὦ	δῐηγωνῐσμένος ᾖς	δῐηγωνῐσμένος ᾖ	δῐηγωνῐσμένω ἦτον	δῐηγωνῐσμένω ἦτον	δῐηγωνῐσμένοι ὦμεν	δῐηγωνῐσμένοι ἦτε	δῐηγωνῐσμένοι ὦσῐ(ν)
	optative	δῐηγωνῐσμένος εἴην	δῐηγωνῐσμένος εἴης	δῐηγωνῐσμένος εἴη	δῐηγωνῐσμένω εἴητον / εἶτον	δῐηγωνῐσμένω εἰήτην / εἴτην	δῐηγωνῐσμένοι εἴημεν / εἶμεν	δῐηγωνῐσμένοι εἴητε / εἶτε	δῐηγωνῐσμένοι εἴησᾰν / εἶεν
	imperative		δῐηγώνῐσο	δῐηγωνῐ́σθω	δῐηγώνῐσθον	δῐηγωνῐ́σθων		δῐηγώνῐσθε	δῐηγωνῐ́σθων
						middle/passive
infinitive						δῐηγωνῐ́σθαι
participle	m					δῐηγωνῐσμένος
	f					δῐηγωνῐσμένη
	n					δῐηγωνῐσμένον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Pluperfect: δῐηγωνῐ́σμην

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
middle/ passive	indicative	δῐηγωνῐ́σμην	δῐηγώνῐσο	δῐηγώνῐστο	δῐηγώνῐσθον	δῐηγωνῐ́σθην	δῐηγωνῐ́σμεθᾰ	δῐηγώνῐσθε	δῐηγωνῐ́δᾰτο
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Descendants

Greek: διαγωνίζομαι (diagonízomai)

References

“διαγωνίζομαι”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“διαγωνίζομαι”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
διαγωνίζομαι in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
διαγωνίζομαι in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2025)
διαγωνίζομαι, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011

Greek

Etymology

From Ancient Greek διαγωνίζομαι (diagōnízomai). Morphologically, from δια- (“through”) +‎ αγωνίζομαι (“struggle”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ðʝa.ɣoˈni.zo.me/, /ðia.ɣoˈni.zo.me/
Hyphenation: δι‧α‧γω‧νί‧ζο‧μαι

Verb

διαγωνίζομαι • (diagonízomai) deponent (past διαγωνίστηκα)

to compete, take part in a competition or examination

Conjugation

διαγωνίζομαι (deponent: passive forms only)

	Passive voice ➤
Indicative mood ➤	Imperfective aspect ➤	Perfective aspect ➤
Non-past tenses ➤	Present ➤	Dependent ➤
1 sg		διαγωνιστώ
2 sg	διαγωνίζεσαι	διαγωνιστείς
3 sg	διαγωνίζεται	διαγωνιστεί

1 pl	διαγωνιζόμαστε	διαγωνιστούμε
2 pl	διαγωνίζεστε, διαγωνιζόσαστε	διαγωνιστείτε
3 pl	διαγωνίζονται	διαγωνιστούν(ε)

Past tenses ➤	Imperfect ➤	Simple past ➤
1 sg	διαγωνιζόμουν(α)	διαγωνίστηκα
2 sg	διαγωνιζόσουν(α)	διαγωνίστηκες
3 sg	διαγωνιζόταν(ε)	διαγωνίστηκε

1 pl	διαγωνιζόμασταν, (‑όμαστε)	διαγωνιστήκαμε
2 pl	διαγωνιζόσασταν, (‑όσαστε)	διαγωνιστήκατε
3 pl	διαγωνίζονταν, (διαγωνιζόντουσαν)	διαγωνίστηκαν, διαγωνιστήκαν(ε)

Future tenses ➤	Continuous ➤	Simple ➤
1 sg	θα ➤	θα διαγωνιστώ ➤
2,3 sg, 1,2,3 pl	θα διαγωνίζεσαι, …	θα διαγωνιστείς, …

	Perfect aspect ➤
Present perfect ➤	έχω, έχεις, … διαγωνιστεί
Past perfect ➤	είχα, είχες, … διαγωνιστεί
Future perfect ➤	θα έχω, θα έχεις, … διαγωνιστεί

Subjunctive mood ➤	Formed using present, dependent (for simple past) or present perfect from above with a particle (να, ας).

Imperative mood ➤	Imperfective aspect	Perfective aspect
2 sg	—	διαγωνίσου
2 pl	διαγωνίζεστε	διαγωνιστείτε

Other forms	Passive voice
Present participle ➤	διαγωνιζόμενος, ‑η, ‑ο ➤
Perfect participle ➤	—

Nonfinite form ➤	διαγωνιστεί


Notes Appendix:Greek verbs	• (…) optional or informal. […] rare. {…} learned, archaic. • Multiple forms are shown in order of reducing frequency. • Periphrastic imperative forms may be produced using the subjunctive.
Notes Appendix:Greek verbs

Related terms

διαγωνιζόμενος (diagonizómenos, “competitor”, participle)
διαγώνισμα m (diagónisma, “exampls”)
διαγωνισμός m (diagonismós, “competition, examination”)

and

αγωνίζομαι (agonízomai, “struggle”)
ανταγωνίζομαι (antagonízomai, “compete”)
συναγωνίζομαι (synagonízomai)

and see: αγώνας m (agónas, “struggle, match”)