εἶμαι

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

Etymology

See εἰμί (eimí).

Pronunciation

 

Verb

εἶμαι • (eîmai)

  1. (Byzantine) to be

Conjugation

εἶμαι
Active voice ➤   —   Imperfective aspect ➤
Indicative mood ➤ Present ➤ Imperfect ➤ Future ➤
1 sg [ν] ἦμου(ν)(α/ε)1, {ἦμην}, [ἦμον] νὰ εἶμαι
2 sg εἶσαι[ν] ἦσου(ν)(α/ε)1, [ἦσον] νὰ εἶσαι
3 sg ἔνι[ν], εἶνε[ν], ἔν, ἔνε/ἔναι(ν), εἶν/ἦν(ι), {ἔστι} ἦτο(νε)1, ἦταν(ε)1 νὰ ἔνι/εἶναι
1 pl εἴμεστε/α(νε)13, εἴμεθα/ε(ν)2, εἴμαστε3, [εἴμαστανε] ἤμεστα/ε(νε)13, ἤμεστον, ἤμαστε(νε)13, ἤμαστα/ον3, ἤμεθε(ν), [ἤμεθα(ν)], [ἤμεθο(ν)], [ἤμενθα] νὰ εἴμεστε
2 pl εἴστε(ν)3, ἔστε2, εἴστι(ν), εἴστενε, [εἴσαστε], [ἦτε] ἦστε(νε)13, ἦστα/ον, [ἤσαστε], [ἤσαστο/ουν] νὰ εἴστε
3 pl ἔνι[ν], εἶνε[ν], ἔν, ἔνε/ἔναι(ν), εἶν/ἦν(ι), {εἶσι} ἦσα(ν)(ε)1, ἦτα/ο(ν)(ε)1, ἤσ/τασι, ἦστον, [ἦν], [ἦστα(ν)] νὰ ἔνι/εἶναι
Subjunctive mood ➤ Formed using present tense from above with a particle (να, ας).
Imperative mood ➤ 2 sg 2 pl
Imperfective aspect νὰ εἶσαι, {ἔσο} νὰ εἴστε, {ἔστε}
Other forms Present participle ➤
ὄντα(ς), ἔσ(τ)οντα(ς), στάντε(ς) ➤
Notes  
 
Appendix:Greek verbs 		 • Infinitive: εἶστε/αι(ν)(ε)13, {εἶναι}, ἔστε/αι3, [εἶν], {ἔστιν}
 • 1 later alternatives     2 older but less common forms     3 σθ was frequently used in place of στ to lend a higher register, though ultimately representing the same sound
 • Future tense could be formed with a bare νὰ + subj. phrase, or with any of μέλλω, μέλλει (impersonal),
  ἔχω, θέλω, or + infinitive or νὰ phrase. Infinitival future constructions were typically more high- or mixed register.
  νὰ was also sometimes omitted, with the future auxiliary verb immediately next to the subjunctive.
 • All forms were substituted alternatively with their classical or koiné equivalents according to literary register.
 • (…) optional or informal.   […] rare.   {…} learned, archaic.
 • Multiple forms are shown in order of reducing frequency.
 • Periphrastic imperative forms may be produced using the subjunctive.

Descendants

  • Greek: είμαι (eímai)
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