εὐθενέω
Ancient Greek
Etymology
From εὐ- (eu-, “good, well”) + a root *θεν (*then) + -έω (-éō, “verbal suffix”). The root *θεν (*then) is of disputed origin:[1]
- If the original vowel was -ε-:
- Possibly from an unattested noun *θένος (*thénos), with a morphological chronology of *θένος (*thénos) > εὐθενής (euthenḗs, “enjoying, strong”) > εὐθενεια (eutheneia, “fullness”) > εὐθενέω (euthenéō), with the noun stemming from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰen- (“to flourish, be full, swell, abound”). The derivative adjective εὐθενής (euthenḗs) is compared in particular with Sanskrit आहनस् (āhanas, “thriving full”); other cognates include Sanskrit घन (ghana, “compact, solid”), Persian آگنج (âganj, “full, complete”), Persian آکندن (âgandan, “to fill up”), Old Church Slavonic гонѣти (goněti, “to suffice”), Lithuanian ganà (“enough”), Albanian zanë (“solid, thick”), as well as perhaps Old Armenian յոգն (yogn, “plenty”), Proto-West Germanic *gant (“whole, complete”). However, Beekes is skeptical, due to εὐθενής (euthenḗs) being attested rarely and late in the record, despite it preceding the earlier-attested εὐθενέω (euthenéō) in morphology.
- If the original vowel was -η- (< Proto-Indo-European *-eh₁-):
- Perhaps related to σθένος (sthénos, “strength, might”).
- From Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁- (“to suckle”); a hypothetical unattested noun under this theory, *θη̃νός (*thē̃nós), has been compared with Latin fēnus (“financial interest”). Beekes seems to favor this theory.
- Bailly connects the word with Sanskrit धन (dhana, “prize, wealth”), which is thought to derive from Proto-Indo-European *dʰenh₂- (“to set in motion, flow”).[2]
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /eu̯.tʰe.né.ɔː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /eʍ.tʰeˈne.o/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /eɸ.θeˈne.o/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ef.θeˈne.o/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ef.θeˈne.o/
Verb
εὐθενέω • (euthenéō)
Inflection
Present: εὐθενέω, εὐθενέομαι (Uncontracted)
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | εὐθενέω | εὐθενέεις | εὐθενέει | εὐθενέετον | εὐθενέετον | εὐθενέομεν | εὐθενέετε | εὐθενέουσῐ(ν) | ||||
| subjunctive | εὐθενέω | εὐθενέῃς | εὐθενέῃ | εὐθενέητον | εὐθενέητον | εὐθενέωμεν | εὐθενέητε | εὐθενέωσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | εὐθενέοιμῐ | εὐθενέοις | εὐθενέοι | εὐθενέοιτον | εὐθενεοίτην | εὐθενέοιμεν | εὐθενέοιτε | εὐθενέοιεν | |||||
| imperative | εὐθένεε | εὐθενεέτω | εὐθενέετον | εὐθενεέτων | εὐθενέετε | εὐθενεόντων | |||||||
| middle/ passive |
indicative | εὐθενέομαι | εὐθενέῃ / εὐθενέει | εὐθενέεται | εὐθενέεσθον | εὐθενέεσθον | εὐθενεόμεθᾰ | εὐθενέεσθε | εὐθενέονται | ||||
| subjunctive | εὐθενέωμαι | εὐθενέῃ | εὐθενέηται | εὐθενέησθον | εὐθενέησθον | εὐθενεώμεθᾰ | εὐθενέησθε | εὐθενέωνται | |||||
| optative | εὐθενεοίμην | εὐθενέοιο | εὐθενέοιτο | εὐθενέοισθον | εὐθενεοίσθην | εὐθενεοίμεθᾰ | εὐθενέοισθε | εὐθενέοιντο | |||||
| imperative | εὐθενέου | εὐθενεέσθω | εὐθενέεσθον | εὐθενεέσθων | εὐθενέεσθε | εὐθενεέσθων | |||||||
| active | middle/passive | ||||||||||||
| infinitive | εὐθενέειν | εὐθενέεσθαι | |||||||||||
| participle | m | εὐθενέων | εὐθενεόμενος | ||||||||||
| f | εὐθενέουσᾰ | εὐθενεομένη | |||||||||||
| n | εὐθενέον | εὐθενεόμενον | |||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Present: εὐθενῶ, εὐθενοῦμαι (Contracted)
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | εὐθενῶ | εὐθενεῖς | εὐθενεῖ | εὐθενεῖτον | εὐθενεῖτον | εὐθενοῦμεν | εὐθενεῖτε | εὐθενοῦσῐ(ν) | ||||
| subjunctive | εὐθενῶ | εὐθενῇς | εὐθενῇ | εὐθενῆτον | εὐθενῆτον | εὐθενῶμεν | εὐθενῆτε | εὐθενῶσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | εὐθενοίην / εὐθενοῖμῐ | εὐθενοίης / εὐθενοῖς | εὐθενοίη / εὐθενοῖ | εὐθενοῖτον / εὐθενοίητον | εὐθενοίτην / εὐθενοιήτην | εὐθενοῖμεν / εὐθενοίημεν | εὐθενοῖτε / εὐθενοίητε | εὐθενοῖεν / εὐθενοίησᾰν | |||||
| imperative | εὐθένει | εὐθενείτω | εὐθενεῖτον | εὐθενείτων | εὐθενεῖτε | εὐθενούντων | |||||||
| middle/ passive |
indicative | εὐθενοῦμαι | εὐθενεῖ, εὐθενῇ |
εὐθενεῖται | εὐθενεῖσθον | εὐθενεῖσθον | εὐθενούμεθᾰ | εὐθενεῖσθε | εὐθενοῦνται | ||||
| subjunctive | εὐθενῶμαι | εὐθενῇ | εὐθενῆται | εὐθενῆσθον | εὐθενῆσθον | εὐθενώμεθᾰ | εὐθενῆσθε | εὐθενῶνται | |||||
| optative | εὐθενοίμην | εὐθενοῖο | εὐθενοῖτο | εὐθενοῖσθον | εὐθενοίσθην | εὐθενοίμεθᾰ | εὐθενοῖσθε | εὐθενοῖντο | |||||
| imperative | εὐθενοῦ | εὐθενείσθω | εὐθενεῖσθον | εὐθενείσθων | εὐθενεῖσθε | εὐθενείσθων | |||||||
| active | middle/passive | ||||||||||||
| infinitive | εὐθενεῖν | εὐθενεῖσθαι | |||||||||||
| participle | m | εὐθενῶν | εὐθενούμενος | ||||||||||
| f | εὐθενοῦσᾰ | εὐθενουμένη | |||||||||||
| n | εὐθενοῦν | εὐθενούμενον | |||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Imperfect: εὐθένεον, εὐθενεόμην (Uncontracted)
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | εὐθένεον | εὐθένεες | εὐθένεε(ν) | εὐθενέετον | εὐθενεέτην | εὐθενέομεν | εὐθενέετε | εὐθένεον | ||||
| middle/ passive |
indicative | εὐθενεόμην | εὐθενέου | εὐθενέετο | εὐθενέεσθον | εὐθενεέσθην | εὐθενεόμεθᾰ | εὐθενέεσθε | εὐθενέοντο | ||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Imperfect: εὐθένουν, εὐθενούμην (Contracted)
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | εὐθένουν | εὐθένεις | εὐθένει | εὐθενεῖτον | εὐθενείτην | εὐθενοῦμεν | εὐθενεῖτε | εὐθένουν | ||||
| middle/ passive |
indicative | εὐθενούμην | εὐθενοῦ | εὐθενεῖτο | εὐθενεῖσθον | εὐθενείσθην | εὐθενούμεθᾰ | εὐθενεῖσθε | εὐθενοῦντο | ||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Future: εὐθενήσω, εὐθενήσομαι, εὐθενηθήσομαι
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | εὐθενήσω | εὐθενήσεις | εὐθενήσει | εὐθενήσετον | εὐθενήσετον | εὐθενήσομεν | εὐθενήσετε | εὐθενήσουσῐ(ν) | ||||
| optative | εὐθενήσοιμῐ | εὐθενήσοις | εὐθενήσοι | εὐθενήσοιτον | εὐθενησοίτην | εὐθενήσοιμεν | εὐθενήσοιτε | εὐθενήσοιεν | |||||
| middle | indicative | εὐθενήσομαι | εὐθενήσῃ / εὐθενήσει | εὐθενήσεται | εὐθενήσεσθον | εὐθενήσεσθον | εὐθενησόμεθᾰ | εὐθενήσεσθε | εὐθενήσονται | ||||
| optative | εὐθενησοίμην | εὐθενήσοιο | εὐθενήσοιτο | εὐθενήσοισθον | εὐθενησοίσθην | εὐθενησοίμεθᾰ | εὐθενήσοισθε | εὐθενήσοιντο | |||||
| passive | indicative | εὐθενηθήσομαι | εὐθενηθήσῃ | εὐθενηθήσεται | εὐθενηθήσεσθον | εὐθενηθήσεσθον | εὐθενηθησόμεθᾰ | εὐθενηθήσεσθε | εὐθενηθήσονται | ||||
| optative | εὐθενηθησοίμην | εὐθενηθήσοιο | εὐθενηθήσοιτο | εὐθενηθήσοισθον | εὐθενηθησοίσθην | εὐθενηθησοίμεθᾰ | εὐθενηθήσοισθε | εὐθενηθήσοιντο | |||||
| active | middle | passive | |||||||||||
| infinitive | εὐθενήσειν | εὐθενήσεσθαι | εὐθενηθήσεσθαι | ||||||||||
| participle | m | εὐθενήσων | εὐθενησόμενος | εὐθενηθησόμενος | |||||||||
| f | εὐθενήσουσᾰ | εὐθενησομένη | εὐθενηθησομένη | ||||||||||
| n | εὐθενῆσον | εὐθενησόμενον | εὐθενηθησόμενον | ||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Aorist: εὐθένησᾰ, εὐθενησᾰ́μην, εὐθενήθην
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | εὐθένησᾰ | εὐθένησᾰς | εὐθένησε(ν) | εὐθενήσᾰτον | εὐθενησᾰ́την | εὐθενήσᾰμεν | εὐθενήσᾰτε | εὐθένησᾰν | ||||
| subjunctive | εὐθενήσω | εὐθενήσῃς | εὐθενήσῃ | εὐθενήσητον | εὐθενήσητον | εὐθενήσωμεν | εὐθενήσητε | εὐθενήσωσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | εὐθενήσαιμῐ | εὐθενήσειᾰς / εὐθενήσαις | εὐθενήσειε(ν) / εὐθενήσαι | εὐθενήσαιτον | εὐθενησαίτην | εὐθενήσαιμεν | εὐθενήσαιτε | εὐθενήσειᾰν / εὐθενήσαιεν | |||||
| imperative | εὐθένησον | εὐθενησᾰ́τω | εὐθενήσᾰτον | εὐθενησᾰ́των | εὐθενήσᾰτε | εὐθενησᾰ́ντων | |||||||
| middle | indicative | εὐθενησᾰ́μην | εὐθενήσω | εὐθενήσᾰτο | εὐθενήσᾰσθον | εὐθενησᾰ́σθην | εὐθενησᾰ́μεθᾰ | εὐθενήσᾰσθε | εὐθενήσᾰντο | ||||
| subjunctive | εὐθενήσωμαι | εὐθενήσῃ | εὐθενήσηται | εὐθενήσησθον | εὐθενήσησθον | εὐθενησώμεθᾰ | εὐθενήσησθε | εὐθενήσωνται | |||||
| optative | εὐθενησαίμην | εὐθενήσαιο | εὐθενήσαιτο | εὐθενήσαισθον | εὐθενησαίσθην | εὐθενησαίμεθᾰ | εὐθενήσαισθε | εὐθενήσαιντο | |||||
| imperative | εὐθένησαι | εὐθενησᾰ́σθω | εὐθενήσᾰσθον | εὐθενησᾰ́σθων | εὐθενήσᾰσθε | εὐθενησᾰ́σθων | |||||||
| passive | indicative | εὐθενήθην | εὐθενήθης | εὐθενήθη | εὐθενήθητον | εὐθενηθήτην | εὐθενήθημεν | εὐθενήθητε | εὐθενήθησᾰν | ||||
| subjunctive | εὐθενηθῶ | εὐθενηθῇς | εὐθενηθῇ | εὐθενηθῆτον | εὐθενηθῆτον | εὐθενηθῶμεν | εὐθενηθῆτε | εὐθενηθῶσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | εὐθενηθείην | εὐθενηθείης | εὐθενηθείη | εὐθενηθεῖτον / εὐθενηθείητον | εὐθενηθείτην / εὐθενηθειήτην | εὐθενηθεῖμεν / εὐθενηθείημεν | εὐθενηθεῖτε / εὐθενηθείητε | εὐθενηθεῖεν / εὐθενηθείησᾰν | |||||
| imperative | εὐθενήθητῐ | εὐθενηθήτω | εὐθενήθητον | εὐθενηθήτων | εὐθενήθητε | εὐθενηθέντων | |||||||
| active | middle | passive | |||||||||||
| infinitive | εὐθενῆσαι | εὐθενήσᾰσθαι | εὐθενηθῆναι | ||||||||||
| participle | m | εὐθενήσᾱς | εὐθενησᾰ́μενος | εὐθενηθείς | |||||||||
| f | εὐθενήσᾱσᾰ | εὐθενησᾰμένη | εὐθενηθεῖσᾰ | ||||||||||
| n | εὐθενῆσᾰν | εὐθενησᾰ́μενον | εὐθενηθέν | ||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Perfect: εὐθένηκᾰ, εὐθένημαι
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | εὐθένηκᾰ | εὐθένηκᾰς | εὐθένηκε(ν) | εὐθενήκᾰτον | εὐθενήκᾰτον | εὐθενήκᾰμεν | εὐθενήκᾰτε | εὐθενήκᾱσῐ(ν) | ||||
| subjunctive | εὐθενήκω | εὐθενήκῃς | εὐθενήκῃ | εὐθενήκητον | εὐθενήκητον | εὐθενήκωμεν | εὐθενήκητε | εὐθενήκωσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | εὐθενήκοιμῐ / εὐθενηκοίην | εὐθενήκοις / εὐθενηκοίης | εὐθενήκοι / εὐθενηκοίη | εὐθενήκοιτον | εὐθενηκοίτην | εὐθενήκοιμεν | εὐθενήκοιτε | εὐθενήκοιεν | |||||
| imperative | εὐθένηκε | εὐθενηκέτω | εὐθενήκετον | εὐθενηκέτων | εὐθενήκετε | εὐθενηκόντων | |||||||
| middle/ passive |
indicative | εὐθένημαι | εὐθένησαι | εὐθένηται | εὐθένησθον | εὐθένησθον | εὐθενήμεθᾰ | εὐθένησθε | εὐθένηνται | ||||
| subjunctive | εὐθενημένος ὦ | εὐθενημένος ᾖς | εὐθενημένος ᾖ | εὐθενημένω ἦτον | εὐθενημένω ἦτον | εὐθενημένοι ὦμεν | εὐθενημένοι ἦτε | εὐθενημένοι ὦσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | εὐθενημένος εἴην | εὐθενημένος εἴης | εὐθενημένος εἴη | εὐθενημένω εἴητον / εἶτον | εὐθενημένω εἰήτην / εἴτην | εὐθενημένοι εἴημεν / εἶμεν | εὐθενημένοι εἴητε / εἶτε | εὐθενημένοι εἴησᾰν / εἶεν | |||||
| imperative | εὐθένησο | εὐθενήσθω | εὐθένησθον | εὐθενήσθων | εὐθένησθε | εὐθενήσθων | |||||||
| active | middle/passive | ||||||||||||
| infinitive | εὐθενηκέναι | εὐθενῆσθαι | |||||||||||
| participle | m | εὐθενηκώς | εὐθενημένος | ||||||||||
| f | εὐθενηκυῖᾰ | εὐθενημένη | |||||||||||
| n | εὐθενηκός | εὐθενημένον | |||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Pluperfect: εὐθενήκειν / εὐθενήκη, εὐθενήμην
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | εὐθενήκειν / εὐθενήκη | εὐθενήκεις / εὐθενήκης | εὐθενήκει(ν) | εὐθενήκετον | εὐθενηκέτην | εὐθενήκεμεν | εὐθενήκετε | εὐθενήκεσᾰν | ||||
| middle/ passive |
indicative | εὐθενήμην | εὐθένησο | εὐθένητο | εὐθένησθον | εὐθενήσθην | εὐθενήμεθᾰ | εὐθένησθε | εὐθένηντο | ||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Derived terms
References
- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “εὐθενέω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 478-9
- ^ εὐθενέω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
Further reading
- “εὐθενέω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “εὐθενέω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “εὐθενέω”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- (no entry for the specified headword) Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- “εὐθενέω”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter