καθοράω
Ancient Greek
Etymology
From κατα- (kata-) + ὁράω (horáō).
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /ka.tʰo.rá.ɔː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ka.tʰoˈra.o/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ka.θoˈra.o/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ka.θoˈra.o/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ka.θoˈra.o/
Verb
καθοράω • (kathoráō)
- to look down
- to behold, observe, perceive
- to have within view, see distinctly
- 125 CE – 200 CE, Lucian, True Story 10:
- […] καθορῶμεν γῆν τινα μεγάλην ἐν τῷ ἀερι καθάπερ νῆσον […]
- […] kathorômen gên tina megálēn en tōî aeri katháper nêson […]
- We saw a great country in it, resembling an island
- […] καθορῶμεν γῆν τινα μεγάλην ἐν τῷ ἀερι καθάπερ νῆσον […]
Inflection
Present: κᾰθορᾰ́ω, κᾰθορᾰ́ομαι (Uncontracted)
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | κᾰθορᾰ́ω | κᾰθορᾰ́εις | κᾰθορᾰ́ει | κᾰθορᾰ́ετον | κᾰθορᾰ́ετον | κᾰθορᾰ́ομεν | κᾰθορᾰ́ετε | κᾰθορᾰ́ουσῐ(ν) | ||||
| subjunctive | κᾰθορᾰ́ω | κᾰθορᾰ́ῃς | κᾰθορᾰ́ῃ | κᾰθορᾰ́ητον | κᾰθορᾰ́ητον | κᾰθορᾰ́ωμεν | κᾰθορᾰ́ητε | κᾰθορᾰ́ωσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | κᾰθορᾰ́οιμῐ | κᾰθορᾰ́οις | κᾰθορᾰ́οι | κᾰθορᾰ́οιτον | κᾰθορᾰοίτην | κᾰθορᾰ́οιμεν | κᾰθορᾰ́οιτε | κᾰθορᾰ́οιεν | |||||
| imperative | κᾰθόρᾰε | κᾰθορᾰέτω | κᾰθορᾰ́ετον | κᾰθορᾰέτων | κᾰθορᾰ́ετε | κᾰθορᾰόντων | |||||||
| middle/ passive |
indicative | κᾰθορᾰ́ομαι | κᾰθορᾰ́ῃ / κᾰθορᾰ́ει | κᾰθορᾰ́εται | κᾰθορᾰ́εσθον | κᾰθορᾰ́εσθον | κᾰθορᾰόμεθᾰ | κᾰθορᾰ́εσθε | κᾰθορᾰ́ονται | ||||
| subjunctive | κᾰθορᾰ́ωμαι | κᾰθορᾰ́ῃ | κᾰθορᾰ́ηται | κᾰθορᾰ́ησθον | κᾰθορᾰ́ησθον | κᾰθορᾰώμεθᾰ | κᾰθορᾰ́ησθε | κᾰθορᾰ́ωνται | |||||
| optative | κᾰθορᾰοίμην | κᾰθορᾰ́οιο | κᾰθορᾰ́οιτο | κᾰθορᾰ́οισθον | κᾰθορᾰοίσθην | κᾰθορᾰοίμεθᾰ | κᾰθορᾰ́οισθε | κᾰθορᾰ́οιντο | |||||
| imperative | κᾰθορᾰ́ου | κᾰθορᾰέσθω | κᾰθορᾰ́εσθον | κᾰθορᾰέσθων | κᾰθορᾰ́εσθε | κᾰθορᾰέσθων | |||||||
| active | middle/passive | ||||||||||||
| infinitive | κᾰθορᾰ́ειν | κᾰθορᾰ́εσθαι | |||||||||||
| participle | m | κᾰθορᾰ́ων | κᾰθορᾰόμενος | ||||||||||
| f | κᾰθορᾰ́ουσᾰ | κᾰθορᾰομένη | |||||||||||
| n | κᾰθορᾰ́ον | κᾰθορᾰόμενον | |||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Present: κᾰθορῶ, κᾰθορῶμαι (Contracted)
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | κᾰθορῶ | κᾰθορᾷς | κᾰθορᾷ | κᾰθορᾶτον | κᾰθορᾶτον | κᾰθορῶμεν | κᾰθορᾶτε | κᾰθορῶσῐ(ν) | ||||
| subjunctive | κᾰθορῶ | κᾰθορᾷς | κᾰθορᾷ | κᾰθορᾶτον | κᾰθορᾶτον | κᾰθορῶμεν | κᾰθορᾶτε | κᾰθορῶσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | κᾰθορῴην / κᾰθορῷμῐ | κᾰθορῴης / κᾰθορῷς | κᾰθορῴη / κᾰθορῷ | κᾰθορῷτον / κᾰθορῴητον | κᾰθορῴτην / κᾰθορῳήτην | κᾰθορῷμεν / κᾰθορῴημεν | κᾰθορῷτε / κᾰθορῴητε | κᾰθορῷεν / κᾰθορῴησᾰν | |||||
| imperative | κᾰθόρᾱ | κᾰθορᾱ́τω | κᾰθορᾶτον | κᾰθορᾱ́των | κᾰθορᾶτε | κᾰθορώντων | |||||||
| middle/ passive |
indicative | κᾰθορῶμαι | κᾰθορᾷ | κᾰθορᾶται | κᾰθορᾶσθον | κᾰθορᾶσθον | κᾰθορώμεθᾰ | κᾰθορᾶσθε | κᾰθορῶνται | ||||
| subjunctive | κᾰθορῶμαι | κᾰθορᾷ | κᾰθορᾶται | κᾰθορᾶσθον | κᾰθορᾶσθον | κᾰθορώμεθᾰ | κᾰθορᾶσθε | κᾰθορῶνται | |||||
| optative | κᾰθορῴμην | κᾰθορῷο | κᾰθορῷτο | κᾰθορῷσθον | κᾰθορῴσθην | κᾰθορῴμεθᾰ | κᾰθορῷσθε | κᾰθορῷντο | |||||
| imperative | κᾰθορῶ | κᾰθορᾱ́σθω | κᾰθορᾶσθον | κᾰθορᾱ́σθων | κᾰθορᾶσθε | κᾰθορᾱ́σθων | |||||||
| active | middle/passive | ||||||||||||
| infinitive | κᾰθορᾶν | κᾰθορᾶσθαι | |||||||||||
| participle | m | κᾰθορῶν | κᾰθορώμενος | ||||||||||
| f | κᾰθορῶσᾰ | κᾰθορωμένη | |||||||||||
| n | κᾰθορῶν | κᾰθορώμενον | |||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Imperfect: κᾰθώρᾰον, κᾰθωρᾰόμην (Uncontracted)
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | κᾰθώρᾰον | κᾰθώρᾰες | κᾰθώρᾰε(ν) | κᾰθωρᾰ́ετον | κᾰθωρᾰέτην | κᾰθωρᾰ́ομεν | κᾰθωρᾰ́ετε | κᾰθώρᾰον | ||||
| middle/ passive |
indicative | κᾰθωρᾰόμην | κᾰθωρᾰ́ου | κᾰθωρᾰ́ετο | κᾰθωρᾰ́εσθον | κᾰθωρᾰέσθην | κᾰθωρᾰόμεθᾰ | κᾰθωρᾰ́εσθε | κᾰθωρᾰ́οντο | ||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Imperfect: κᾰθώρων, κᾰθωρώμην (Contracted)
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | κᾰθώρων | κᾰθώρᾱς | κᾰθώρᾱ | κᾰθωρᾶτον | κᾰθωρᾱ́την | κᾰθωρῶμεν | κᾰθωρᾶτε | κᾰθώρων | ||||
| middle/ passive |
indicative | κᾰθωρώμην | κᾰθωρῶ | κᾰθωρᾶτο | κᾰθωρᾶσθον | κᾰθωρᾱ́σθην | κᾰθωρώμεθᾰ | κᾰθωρᾶσθε | κᾰθωρῶντο | ||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Future: κᾰτόψομαι, κᾰτοφθήσομαι
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| middle | indicative | κᾰτόψομαι | κᾰτόψῃ / κᾰτόψει | κᾰτόψεται | κᾰτόψεσθον | κᾰτόψεσθον | κᾰτοψόμεθᾰ | κᾰτόψεσθε | κᾰτόψονται | ||||
| optative | κᾰτοψοίμην | κᾰτόψοιο | κᾰτόψοιτο | κᾰτόψοισθον | κᾰτοψοίσθην | κᾰτοψοίμεθᾰ | κᾰτόψοισθε | κᾰτόψοιντο | |||||
| passive | indicative | κᾰτοφθήσομαι | κᾰτοφθήσῃ | κᾰτοφθήσεται | κᾰτοφθήσεσθον | κᾰτοφθήσεσθον | κᾰτοφθησόμεθᾰ | κᾰτοφθήσεσθε | κᾰτοφθήσονται | ||||
| optative | κᾰτοφθησοίμην | κᾰτοφθήσοιο | κᾰτοφθήσοιτο | κᾰτοφθήσοισθον | κᾰτοφθησοίσθην | κᾰτοφθησοίμεθᾰ | κᾰτοφθήσοισθε | κᾰτοφθήσοιντο | |||||
| middle | passive | ||||||||||||
| infinitive | κᾰτόψεσθαι | κᾰτοφθήσεσθαι | |||||||||||
| participle | m | κᾰτοψόμενος | κᾰτοφθησόμενος | ||||||||||
| f | κᾰτοψομένη | κᾰτοφθησομένη | |||||||||||
| n | κᾰτοψόμενον | κᾰτοφθησόμενον | |||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Aorist: κᾰτώφθην
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| passive | indicative | κᾰτώφθην | κᾰτώφθης | κᾰτώφθη | κᾰτώφθητον | κᾰτωφθήτην | κᾰτώφθημεν | κᾰτώφθητε | κᾰτώφθησᾰν | ||||
| subjunctive | κᾰτοφθῶ | κᾰτοφθῇς | κᾰτοφθῇ | κᾰτοφθῆτον | κᾰτοφθῆτον | κᾰτοφθῶμεν | κᾰτοφθῆτε | κᾰτοφθῶσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | κᾰτοφθείην | κᾰτοφθείης | κᾰτοφθείη | κᾰτοφθεῖτον / κᾰτοφθείητον | κᾰτοφθείτην / κᾰτοφθειήτην | κᾰτοφθεῖμεν / κᾰτοφθείημεν | κᾰτοφθεῖτε / κᾰτοφθείητε | κᾰτοφθεῖεν / κᾰτοφθείησᾰν | |||||
| imperative | κᾰτόφθητῐ | κᾰτοφθήτω | κᾰτόφθητον | κᾰτοφθήτων | κᾰτόφθητε | κᾰτοφθέντων | |||||||
| passive | |||||||||||||
| infinitive | κᾰτοφθῆναι | ||||||||||||
| participle | m | κᾰτοφθείς | |||||||||||
| f | κᾰτοφθεῖσᾰ | ||||||||||||
| n | κᾰτοφθέν | ||||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Aorist: κᾰτεῖδον, κᾰτειδόμην
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | κᾰτεῖδον | κᾰτεῖδες | κᾰτεῖδε(ν) | κᾰτείδετον | κᾰτειδέτην | κᾰτείδομεν | κᾰτείδετε | κᾰτεῖδον | ||||
| subjunctive | κᾰτῐ́δω | κᾰτῐ́δῃς | κᾰτῐ́δῃ | κᾰτῐ́δητον | κᾰτῐ́δητον | κᾰτῐ́δωμεν | κᾰτῐ́δητε | κᾰτῐ́δωσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | κᾰτῐ́δοιμῐ | κᾰτῐ́δοις | κᾰτῐ́δοι | κᾰτῐ́δοιτον | κᾰτῐδοίτην | κᾰτῐ́δοιμεν | κᾰτῐ́δοιτε | κᾰτῐ́δοιεν | |||||
| imperative | κᾰτιδέκᾰτίδε | κᾰτῐδέτω | κᾰτῐ́δετον | κᾰτῐδέτων | κᾰτῐ́δετε | κᾰτῐδόντων | |||||||
| middle | indicative | κᾰτειδόμην | κᾰτείδου | κᾰτείδετο | κᾰτείδεσθον | κᾰτειδέσθην | κᾰτειδόμεθᾰ | κᾰτείδεσθε | κᾰτείδοντο | ||||
| subjunctive | κᾰτῐ́δωμαι | κᾰτῐ́δῃ | κᾰτῐ́δηται | κᾰτῐ́δησθον | κᾰτῐ́δησθον | κᾰτῐδώμεθᾰ | κᾰτῐ́δησθε | κᾰτῐ́δωνται | |||||
| optative | κᾰτῐδοίμην | κᾰτῐ́δοιο | κᾰτῐ́δοιτο | κᾰτῐ́δοισθον | κᾰτῐδοίσθην | κᾰτῐδοίμεθᾰ | κᾰτῐ́δοισθε | κᾰτῐ́δοιντο | |||||
| imperative | κᾰτῐδοῦ | κᾰτῐδέσθω | κᾰτῐ́δεσθον | κᾰτῐδέσθων | κᾰτῐ́δεσθε | κᾰτῐδέσθων | |||||||
| active | middle | ||||||||||||
| infinitive | κᾰτῐδεῖν | κᾰτῐδέσθαι | |||||||||||
| participle | m | κᾰτῐδών | κᾰτῐδόμενος | ||||||||||
| f | κᾰτῐδοῦσᾰ | κᾰτῐδομένη | |||||||||||
| n | κᾰτῐδόν | κᾰτῐδόμενον | |||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Perfect: κᾰθεώρᾱκᾰ, κᾰθεώρᾱμαι
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | κᾰθεώρᾱκᾰ | κᾰθεώρᾱκᾰς | κᾰθεώρᾱκε(ν) | κᾰθεωρᾱ́κᾰτον | κᾰθεωρᾱ́κᾰτον | κᾰθεωρᾱ́κᾰμεν | κᾰθεωρᾱ́κᾰτε | κᾰθεωρᾱ́κᾱσῐ(ν) | ||||
| subjunctive | κᾰθεωρᾱ́κω | κᾰθεωρᾱ́κῃς | κᾰθεωρᾱ́κῃ | κᾰθεωρᾱ́κητον | κᾰθεωρᾱ́κητον | κᾰθεωρᾱ́κωμεν | κᾰθεωρᾱ́κητε | κᾰθεωρᾱ́κωσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | κᾰθεωρᾱ́κοιμῐ / κᾰθεωρᾱκοίην | κᾰθεωρᾱ́κοις / κᾰθεωρᾱκοίης | κᾰθεωρᾱ́κοι / κᾰθεωρᾱκοίη | κᾰθεωρᾱ́κοιτον | κᾰθεωρᾱκοίτην | κᾰθεωρᾱ́κοιμεν | κᾰθεωρᾱ́κοιτε | κᾰθεωρᾱ́κοιεν | |||||
| imperative | κᾰθεώρᾱκε | κᾰθεωρᾱκέτω | κᾰθεωρᾱ́κετον | κᾰθεωρᾱκέτων | κᾰθεωρᾱ́κετε | κᾰθεωρᾱκόντων | |||||||
| middle/ passive |
indicative | κᾰθεώρᾱμαι | κᾰθεώρᾱσαι | κᾰθεώρᾱται | κᾰθεώρᾱσθον | κᾰθεώρᾱσθον | κᾰθεωρᾱ́μεθᾰ | κᾰθεώρᾱσθε | κᾰθεώρᾱνται | ||||
| subjunctive | κᾰθεωρᾱμένος ὦ | κᾰθεωρᾱμένος ᾖς | κᾰθεωρᾱμένος ᾖ | κᾰθεωρᾱμένω ἦτον | κᾰθεωρᾱμένω ἦτον | κᾰθεωρᾱμένοι ὦμεν | κᾰθεωρᾱμένοι ἦτε | κᾰθεωρᾱμένοι ὦσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | κᾰθεωρᾱμένος εἴην | κᾰθεωρᾱμένος εἴης | κᾰθεωρᾱμένος εἴη | κᾰθεωρᾱμένω εἴητον / εἶτον | κᾰθεωρᾱμένω εἰήτην / εἴτην | κᾰθεωρᾱμένοι εἴημεν / εἶμεν | κᾰθεωρᾱμένοι εἴητε / εἶτε | κᾰθεωρᾱμένοι εἴησᾰν / εἶεν | |||||
| imperative | κᾰθεώρᾱσο | κᾰθεωρᾱ́σθω | κᾰθεώρᾱσθον | κᾰθεωρᾱ́σθων | κᾰθεώρᾱσθε | κᾰθεωρᾱ́σθων | |||||||
| active | middle/passive | ||||||||||||
| infinitive | κᾰθεωρᾱκέναι | κᾰθεωρᾶσθαι | |||||||||||
| participle | m | κᾰθεωρᾱκώς | κᾰθεωρᾱμένος | ||||||||||
| f | κᾰθεωρᾱκυῖᾰ | κᾰθεωρᾱμένη | |||||||||||
| n | κᾰθεωρᾱκός | κᾰθεωρᾱμένον | |||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Perfect: κᾰτόπωπᾰ, κᾰτῶμμαι
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | κᾰτόπωπᾰ | κᾰτόπωπᾰς | κᾰτόπωπε(ν) | κᾰτοπώπᾰτον | κᾰτοπώπᾰτον | κᾰτοπώπᾰμεν | κᾰτοπώπᾰτε | κᾰτοπώπᾱσῐ(ν) | ||||
| subjunctive | κᾰτοπώπω | κᾰτοπώπῃς | κᾰτοπώπῃ | κᾰτοπώπητον | κᾰτοπώπητον | κᾰτοπώπωμεν | κᾰτοπώπητε | κᾰτοπώπωσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | κᾰτοπώποιμῐ / κᾰτοπωποίην | κᾰτοπώποις / κᾰτοπωποίης | κᾰτοπώποι / κᾰτοπωποίη | κᾰτοπώποιτον | κᾰτοπωποίτην | κᾰτοπώποιμεν | κᾰτοπώποιτε | κᾰτοπώποιεν | |||||
| imperative | κᾰτόπωπε | κᾰτοπωπέτω | κᾰτοπώπετον | κᾰτοπωπέτων | κᾰτοπώπετε | κᾰτοπωπόντων | |||||||
| middle/ passive |
indicative | κᾰτῶμμαι | κᾰτῶψαι | κᾰτῶπται | κᾰτῶφθον | κᾰτῶφθον | κᾰτώμμεθᾰ | κᾰτῶφθε | κᾰτώπᾰται | ||||
| subjunctive | κᾰτωμμένος ὦ | κᾰτωμμένος ᾖς | κᾰτωμμένος ᾖ | κᾰτωμμένω ἦτον | κᾰτωμμένω ἦτον | κᾰτωμμένοι ὦμεν | κᾰτωμμένοι ἦτε | κᾰτωμμένοι ὦσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | κᾰτωμμένος εἴην | κᾰτωμμένος εἴης | κᾰτωμμένος εἴη | κᾰτωμμένω εἴητον / εἶτον | κᾰτωμμένω εἰήτην / εἴτην | κᾰτωμμένοι εἴημεν / εἶμεν | κᾰτωμμένοι εἴητε / εἶτε | κᾰτωμμένοι εἴησᾰν / εἶεν | |||||
| imperative | κᾰτῶψο | κᾰτώφθω | κᾰτῶφθον | κᾰτώφθων | κᾰτῶφθε | κᾰτώφθων | |||||||
| active | middle/passive | ||||||||||||
| infinitive | κᾰτοπωπέναι | κᾰτῶφθαι | |||||||||||
| participle | m | κᾰτοπωπώς | κᾰτωμμένος | ||||||||||
| f | κᾰτοπωπυῖᾰ | κᾰτωμμένη | |||||||||||
| n | κᾰτοπωπός | κᾰτωμμένον | |||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Pluperfect: κᾰθεωρᾱ́κειν / κᾰθεωρᾱ́κη, κᾰθεωρᾱ́μην
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | κᾰθεωρᾱ́κειν / κᾰθεωρᾱ́κη | κᾰθεωρᾱ́κεις / κᾰθεωρᾱ́κης | κᾰθεωρᾱ́κει(ν) | κᾰθεωρᾱ́κετον | κᾰθεωρᾱκέτην | κᾰθεωρᾱ́κεμεν | κᾰθεωρᾱ́κετε | κᾰθεωρᾱ́κεσᾰν | ||||
| middle/ passive |
indicative | κᾰθεωρᾱ́μην | κᾰθεώρᾱσο | κᾰθεώρᾱτο | κᾰθεώρᾱσθον | κᾰθεωρᾱ́σθην | κᾰθεωρᾱ́μεθᾰ | κᾰθεώρᾱσθε | κᾰθεώρᾱντο | ||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Further reading
- “καθοράω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “καθοράω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “καθοράω”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- καθοράω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- καθοράω in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- “καθοράω”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter