κιρρός

Ancient Greek

Etymology

Unexplained, with the same geminate -ρρ- as in πυρρός (purrhós, “red”). The traditional derivation by Pokorny from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ḱeh₃- (“shadow, darkness”)^[1] and comparisons with Proto-Slavic *śěrъ (“grey”) and Irish ciar (“dark”) are phonetically problematic, as is the link to Lithuanian širmas (“grey”), since Lithuanian -ir- is from a zero-grade.^[2]

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /kir̥.r̥ós/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /kirˈros/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /cirˈros/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /cirˈros/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ciˈros/

Adjective

κῐρρός • (kĭrrhós) m (feminine κῐρρᾱ́, neuter κῐρρόν); first/second declension

yellow-orange, tawny

Inflection

First and second declension of κῐρρός; κῐρρᾱ́; κῐρρόν (Attic)

Number	Singular			Dual			Plural
Case/Gender	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	κῐρρός kĭrrhós	κῐρρᾱ́ kĭrrhā́	κῐρρόν kĭrrhón	κῐρρώ kĭrrhṓ	κῐρρᾱ́ kĭrrhā́	κῐρρώ kĭrrhṓ	κῐρροί kĭrrhoí	κῐρραί kĭrrhaí	κῐρρᾰ́ kĭrrhắ
Genitive	κῐρροῦ kĭrrhoû	κῐρρᾶς kĭrrhâs	κῐρροῦ kĭrrhoû	κῐρροῖν kĭrrhoîn	κῐρραῖν kĭrrhaîn	κῐρροῖν kĭrrhoîn	κῐρρῶν kĭrrhôn	κῐρρῶν kĭrrhôn	κῐρρῶν kĭrrhôn
Dative	κῐρρῷ kĭrrhōî	κῐρρᾷ kĭrrhāî	κῐρρῷ kĭrrhōî	κῐρροῖν kĭrrhoîn	κῐρραῖν kĭrrhaîn	κῐρροῖν kĭrrhoîn	κῐρροῖς kĭrrhoîs	κῐρραῖς kĭrrhaîs	κῐρροῖς kĭrrhoîs
Accusative	κῐρρόν kĭrrhón	κῐρρᾱ́ν kĭrrhā́n	κῐρρόν kĭrrhón	κῐρρώ kĭrrhṓ	κῐρρᾱ́ kĭrrhā́	κῐρρώ kĭrrhṓ	κῐρρούς kĭrrhoús	κῐρρᾱ́ς kĭrrhā́s	κῐρρᾰ́ kĭrrhắ
Vocative	κῐρρέ kĭrrhé	κῐρρᾱ́ kĭrrhā́	κῐρρόν kĭrrhón	κῐρρώ kĭrrhṓ	κῐρρᾱ́ kĭrrhā́	κῐρρώ kĭrrhṓ	κῐρροί kĭrrhoí	κῐρραί kĭrrhaí	κῐρρᾰ́ kĭrrhắ
Derived forms	Adverb			Comparative			Superlative
Derived forms	κῐρρῶς kĭrrhôs			κῐρρότερος kĭrrhóteros			κῐρρότᾰτος kĭrrhótătos
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

ἔγκῐρρος (énkĭrrhos)
κῐρρᾰ́ς (kĭrrhắs)
κῐρρῐ́ς (kĭrrhĭ́s)
κῐρροειδής (kĭrrhoeidḗs)
κῐρροκοιλάδῐᾰ (kĭrrhokoiládĭă)
κῐρρόχρως (kĭrrhókhrōs)
κῐρρώδης (kĭrrhṓdēs)
ὑπόκῐρρος (hupókĭrrhos)

Descendants

→ English: cirrhosis

References

^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “kei-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 540-41
^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “κιρρός”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 702