κλείς

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Proto-Hellenic *klāwī́ds, from Proto-Indo-European *kleh₂u- (“nail, pin, hook - instruments, of old use for locking doors”). Cognate with Latin clāvus (“nail, pin”), Old Church Slavonic ключь (ključĭ, “key”).[1]

Pronunciation

 

Noun

κλείς • (kleís) f (genitive κλειδός); third declension

  1. bar, bolt
    1. a catch or hook passed through the door from the outside to catch the strap attached to the bar
    2. key
    3. (figurative) a means to something; key
  2. hook or tongue of a clasp
    1. stopcock
  3. (anatomy) collarbone (probably so called from its hook shape)
  4. (in the plural) rowing bench of a ship
  5. narrow strait, promontory or pass
  6. (in the plural) sacred chaplets
  7. (poetry) clausula, cadence

Inflection

Third declension of ἡ κλείς; τῆς κλειδός (Attic)
Case / # Singular Dual Plural
Nominative ἡ κλείς
hē kleís 		τὼ κλεῖδε
tṑ kleîde 		αἱ κλεῖδες / κλεῖς
hai kleîdes / kleîs
Genitive τῆς κλειδός
tês kleidós 		τοῖν κλειδοῖν
toîn kleidoîn 		τῶν κλειδῶν
tôn kleidôn
Dative τῇ κλειδῐ́
tēî kleidĭ́ 		τοῖν κλειδοῖν
toîn kleidoîn 		ταῖς κλεισῐ́ / κλεισῐ́ν
taîs kleisĭ́(n)
Accusative τὴν κλεῖδᾰ / κλεῖν
tḕn kleîdă / kleîn 		τὼ κλεῖδε
tṑ kleîde 		τᾱ̀ς κλεῖδᾰς / κλεῖς
tā̀s kleîdăs / kleîs
Vocative κλείς
kleís 		κλεῖδε
kleîde 		κλεῖδες / κλεῖς
kleîdes / kleîs
Notes:
  • This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.
  • Nominative singular -ς (-s) arose by reduction of the original cluster *-ds.

Derived terms

  • ῐ̔πποκλείδης (hĭppokleídēs)
  • κλειδᾰγωγῐ́ᾱ (kleidăgōgĭ́ā)
  • κλειδᾶς (kleidâs)
  • κλειδῐ́ον (kleidĭ́on)
  • κλειδοποιός (kleidopoiós)
  • κλείδουχος (kleídoukhos)
  • κλειδοφορέω (kleidophoréō)
  • κλειδοφῠ́λᾰξ (kleidophŭ́lăx)
  • κλειδόω (kleidóō)
  • κλείω (kleíō)
  • πολῠκλείδωτος (polŭkleídōtos)
  • πολῠκλήῑ̈ς (polŭklḗī̈s)

Descendants

Descendants

References

  1. ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “κλείς”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 711-2

Further reading

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