κυρτός
Ancient Greek
Etymology
The word remains without direct agreement. The comparison with Latin curvus (“curved”) presupposes that the Greek adjective continues a reduced grade *kʷr-to- with u coloring. As a u colored reduced grade is difficult, it is doubtful whether this comparison is valid at all. The comparison with κορώνη (korṓnē, “anything curved”) is also unfounded.
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /kyr.tós/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /kyrˈtos/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /cyrˈtos/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /cyrˈtos/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /cirˈtos/
Adjective
κῠρτός • (kŭrtós) m (feminine κῠρτή, neuter κῠρτόν); first/second declension
- bulging, swelling
- arched, vaulted
- humped, hunchbacked, gibbous
- Synonym: ὑβός (hubós)
- convex, outcurved
- Antonym: κοῖλος (koîlos)
Inflection
| Number | Singular | Dual | Plural | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case/Gender | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||||
| Nominative | κῠρτός kŭrtós |
κῠρτή kŭrtḗ |
κῠρτόν kŭrtón |
κῠρτώ kŭrtṓ |
κῠρτᾱ́ kŭrtā́ |
κῠρτώ kŭrtṓ |
κῠρτοί kŭrtoí |
κῠρταί kŭrtaí |
κῠρτᾰ́ kŭrtắ | |||||
| Genitive | κῠρτοῦ kŭrtoû |
κῠρτῆς kŭrtês |
κῠρτοῦ kŭrtoû |
κῠρτοῖν kŭrtoîn |
κῠρταῖν kŭrtaîn |
κῠρτοῖν kŭrtoîn |
κῠρτῶν kŭrtôn |
κῠρτῶν kŭrtôn |
κῠρτῶν kŭrtôn | |||||
| Dative | κῠρτῷ kŭrtōî |
κῠρτῇ kŭrtēî |
κῠρτῷ kŭrtōî |
κῠρτοῖν kŭrtoîn |
κῠρταῖν kŭrtaîn |
κῠρτοῖν kŭrtoîn |
κῠρτοῖς kŭrtoîs |
κῠρταῖς kŭrtaîs |
κῠρτοῖς kŭrtoîs | |||||
| Accusative | κῠρτόν kŭrtón |
κῠρτήν kŭrtḗn |
κῠρτόν kŭrtón |
κῠρτώ kŭrtṓ |
κῠρτᾱ́ kŭrtā́ |
κῠρτώ kŭrtṓ |
κῠρτούς kŭrtoús |
κῠρτᾱ́ς kŭrtā́s |
κῠρτᾰ́ kŭrtắ | |||||
| Vocative | κῠρτέ kŭrté |
κῠρτή kŭrtḗ |
κῠρτόν kŭrtón |
κῠρτώ kŭrtṓ |
κῠρτᾱ́ kŭrtā́ |
κῠρτώ kŭrtṓ |
κῠρτοί kŭrtoí |
κῠρταί kŭrtaí |
κῠρτᾰ́ kŭrtắ | |||||
| Derived forms | Adverb | Comparative | Superlative | |||||||||||
| κῠρτῶς kŭrtôs |
κῠρτότερος kŭrtóteros |
κῠρτότᾰτος kŭrtótătos | ||||||||||||
| Notes: |
| |||||||||||||
Derived terms
- κῠρταίνω (kŭrtaínō)
- κῠρταύχην (kŭrtaúkhēn)
- κῠρτοειδής (kŭrtoeidḗs)
- κῠρτότης (kŭrtótēs)
- κῠρτόω (kŭrtóō)
- κῠ́ρτωμᾰ (kŭ́rtōmă)
- κῠ́ρτωσῐς (kŭ́rtōsĭs)
- κῠρτωτός (kŭrtōtós)
Descendants
- Greek: κυρτός (kyrtós)
Further reading
- “κυρτός”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “κυρτός”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “κυρτός”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- κυρτός in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- κυρτός in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “κυρτός”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 808
Greek
Adjective
κυρτός • (kyrtós) m (feminine κυρτή, neuter κυρτό)
Declension
| singular | plural | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | feminine | neuter | masculine | feminine | neuter | ||
| nominative | κυρτός (kyrtós) | κυρτή (kyrtí) | κυρτό (kyrtó) | κυρτοί (kyrtoí) | κυρτές (kyrtés) | κυρτά (kyrtá) | |
| genitive | κυρτού (kyrtoú) | κυρτής (kyrtís) | κυρτού (kyrtoú) | κυρτών (kyrtón) | κυρτών (kyrtón) | κυρτών (kyrtón) | |
| accusative | κυρτό (kyrtó) | κυρτή (kyrtí) | κυρτό (kyrtó) | κυρτούς (kyrtoús) | κυρτές (kyrtés) | κυρτά (kyrtá) | |
| vocative | κυρτέ (kyrté) | κυρτή (kyrtí) | κυρτό (kyrtó) | κυρτοί (kyrtoí) | κυρτές (kyrtés) | κυρτά (kyrtá) | |
Derivations:
Comparative: πιο + positive forms (e.g. πιο κυρτός, etc.)
Relative superlative: definite article + πιο + positive forms (e.g. ο πιο κυρτός, etc.)
Antonyms
- κοίλος (koílos, “concave”)
Descendants
- Translingual: Cyrtandra