κᾶλον

Ancient Greek

Etymology

The word has been connected with καίω (kaíō, “to burn”) as "firewood", by comparison with the synonymous δᾱλός (dālós, “firebrand”). However, according to Beekes, a Pre-Greek origin is much more likely.^[1]

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /kâː.lon/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈka.lon/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈka.lon/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈka.lon/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈka.lon/

Noun

κᾶλον • (kâlon) n (genitive κᾱ́λου); second declension

(mostly in the plural) wood, logs, timber, especially for ships
Synonyms: κάστον (káston), ξύλον (xúlon)

Inflection

Second declension of τὸ κᾶλον; τοῦ κᾱ́λου (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	τὸ κᾶλον tò kâlon	τὼ κᾱ́λω tṑ kā́lō	τᾰ̀ κᾶλᾰ tằ kâlă
Genitive	τοῦ κᾱ́λου toû kā́lou	τοῖν κᾱ́λοιν toîn kā́loin	τῶν κᾱ́λων tôn kā́lōn
Dative	τῷ κᾱ́λῳ tōî kā́lōi	τοῖν κᾱ́λοιν toîn kā́loin	τοῖς κᾱ́λοις toîs kā́lois
Accusative	τὸ κᾶλον tò kâlon	τὼ κᾱ́λω tṑ kā́lō	τᾰ̀ κᾶλᾰ tằ kâlă
Vocative	κᾶλον kâlon	κᾱ́λω kā́lō	κᾶλᾰ kâlă
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

κᾱ́λινος (kā́linos)
κᾱ́λιον (kā́lion)
κᾱλοπέδιλα (kālopédila)
κᾱλοπόδιον (kālopódion)
κᾱλόπους (kālópous)
κᾱλοτύπος (kālotúpos)
κᾱλοφόρος (kālophóros)
κᾱλύριον (kālúrion)

Descendants

→ Latin: cāla

References

^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “κᾶλον”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 625-6