μῶλος

Ancient Greek

Etymology

Connection with Latin mōlēs (“mass; heap, pile”) is possible but by no means certain: the original meaning would then be “effort, labor”. The word has also been connected to Proto-Germanic *mōjaną (“to tire”) and Proto-Slavic *majati (“to beckon, wave”), all from Proto-Indo-European *meh₃- (“to get tired, be a burden”); this is tentatively supported by Beekes.^[1]

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /mɔ̂ː.los/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈmo.los/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈmo.los/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈmo.los/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈmo.los/

Noun

μῶλος • (môlos) m (genitive μώλου); second declension

toil and moil of war, turmoil

Inflection

Second declension of ὁ μῶλος; τοῦ μώλου (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ μῶλος ho môlos	τὼ μώλω tṑ mṓlō	οἱ μῶλοι hoi môloi
Genitive	τοῦ μώλου toû mṓlou	τοῖν μώλοιν toîn mṓloin	τῶν μώλων tôn mṓlōn
Dative	τῷ μώλῳ tōî mṓlōi	τοῖν μώλοιν toîn mṓloin	τοῖς μώλοις toîs mṓlois
Accusative	τὸν μῶλον tòn môlon	τὼ μώλω tṑ mṓlō	τοὺς μώλους toùs mṓlous
Vocative	μῶλε môle	μώλω mṓlō	μῶλοι môloi
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

ἀμφίμωλος (amphímōlos)
ἀντίμωλος (antímōlos)
εὔμωλος (eúmōlos)
μώλεια (mṓleia)
μωλέω (mōléō)

References

^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “μῶλος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 989-90

“μῶλος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“μῶλος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
“μῶλος”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
μῶλος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
μῶλος in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
μῶλος, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011

[1] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “μῶλος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 989-90

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