νυστάζω
Ancient Greek
Etymology
Probably an enlargement in -τάζω of a Proto-Indo-European *snewd- (“to slumber, doze”); for the formation, compare κλαστάζω (klastázō) and βαστάζω (bastázō, “to lift up”). Cognates, all found in Baltic, include Lithuanian snústi (“to slumber away”), snudà (“sleeper, dreamer”), snáusti (“to slumber”) (with a different ablaut-grade), and forms with an l-suffix including Lithuanian snaudãlius (“sleepy man”) and Latvian snaudale (“sleepy-head”). If this is correct, the old connection with νεύω (neúō, “to nod”) should be abandoned.[1]
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /nys.táz.dɔː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /nysˈta.zo/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /nysˈta.zo/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /nysˈta.zo/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /nisˈta.zo/
Verb
νυστάζω • (nustázō)
Inflection
- Mainly in the present
Present: νυστᾰ́ζω
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | νυστᾰ́ζω | νυστᾰ́ζεις | νυστᾰ́ζει | νυστᾰ́ζετον | νυστᾰ́ζετον | νυστᾰ́ζομεν | νυστᾰ́ζετε | νυστᾰ́ζουσῐ(ν) | ||||
| subjunctive | νυστᾰ́ζω | νυστᾰ́ζῃς | νυστᾰ́ζῃ | νυστᾰ́ζητον | νυστᾰ́ζητον | νυστᾰ́ζωμεν | νυστᾰ́ζητε | νυστᾰ́ζωσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | νυστᾰ́ζοιμῐ | νυστᾰ́ζοις | νυστᾰ́ζοι | νυστᾰ́ζοιτον | νυστᾰζοίτην | νυστᾰ́ζοιμεν | νυστᾰ́ζοιτε | νυστᾰ́ζοιεν | |||||
| imperative | νύστᾰζε | νυστᾰζέτω | νυστᾰ́ζετον | νυστᾰζέτων | νυστᾰ́ζετε | νυστᾰζόντων | |||||||
| active | |||||||||||||
| infinitive | νυστᾰ́ζειν | ||||||||||||
| participle | m | νυστᾰ́ζων | |||||||||||
| f | νυστᾰ́ζουσᾰ | ||||||||||||
| n | νυστᾰ́ζον | ||||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Imperfect: ἐνύστᾰζον
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἐνύστᾰζον | ἐνύστᾰζες | ἐνύστᾰζε(ν) | ἐνυστᾰ́ζετον | ἐνυστᾰζέτην | ἐνυστᾰ́ζομεν | ἐνυστᾰ́ζετε | ἐνύστᾰζον | ||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Future: νυστᾰ́ξω
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | νυστᾰ́ξω | νυστᾰ́ξεις | νυστᾰ́ξει | νυστᾰ́ξετον | νυστᾰ́ξετον | νυστᾰ́ξομεν | νυστᾰ́ξετε | νυστᾰ́ξουσῐ(ν) | ||||
| optative | νυστᾰ́ξοιμῐ | νυστᾰ́ξοις | νυστᾰ́ξοι | νυστᾰ́ξοιτον | νυστᾰξοίτην | νυστᾰ́ξοιμεν | νυστᾰ́ξοιτε | νυστᾰ́ξοιεν | |||||
| active | |||||||||||||
| infinitive | νυστᾰ́ξειν | ||||||||||||
| participle | m | νυστᾰ́ξων | |||||||||||
| f | νυστᾰ́ξουσᾰ | ||||||||||||
| n | νυστᾰ́ξον | ||||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Aorist: ἐνύστᾰξᾰ
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἐνύστᾰξᾰ | ἐνύστᾰξᾰς | ἐνύστᾰξε(ν) | ἐνυστᾰ́ξᾰτον | ἐνυστᾰξᾰ́την | ἐνυστᾰ́ξᾰμεν | ἐνυστᾰ́ξᾰτε | ἐνύστᾰξᾰν | ||||
| subjunctive | νυστᾰ́ξω | νυστᾰ́ξῃς | νυστᾰ́ξῃ | νυστᾰ́ξητον | νυστᾰ́ξητον | νυστᾰ́ξωμεν | νυστᾰ́ξητε | νυστᾰ́ξωσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | νυστᾰ́ξαιμῐ | νυστᾰ́ξειᾰς / νυστᾰ́ξαις | νυστᾰ́ξειε(ν) / νυστᾰ́ξαι | νυστᾰ́ξαιτον | νυστᾰξαίτην | νυστᾰ́ξαιμεν | νυστᾰ́ξαιτε | νυστᾰ́ξειᾰν / νυστᾰ́ξαιεν | |||||
| imperative | νύστᾰξον | νυστᾰξᾰ́τω | νυστᾰ́ξᾰτον | νυστᾰξᾰ́των | νυστᾰ́ξᾰτε | νυστᾰξᾰ́ντων | |||||||
| active | |||||||||||||
| infinitive | νυστᾰ́ξαι | ||||||||||||
| participle | m | νυστᾰ́ξᾱς | |||||||||||
| f | νυστᾰ́ξᾱσᾰ | ||||||||||||
| n | νυστᾰ́ξᾰν | ||||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Aorist: ἐνύστᾰσᾰ
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἐνύστᾰσᾰ | ἐνύστᾰσᾰς | ἐνύστᾰσε(ν) | ἐνυστᾰ́σᾰτον | ἐνυστᾰσᾰ́την | ἐνυστᾰ́σᾰμεν | ἐνυστᾰ́σᾰτε | ἐνύστᾰσᾰν | ||||
| subjunctive | νυστᾰ́σω | νυστᾰ́σῃς | νυστᾰ́σῃ | νυστᾰ́σητον | νυστᾰ́σητον | νυστᾰ́σωμεν | νυστᾰ́σητε | νυστᾰ́σωσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | νυστᾰ́σαιμῐ | νυστᾰ́σειᾰς / νυστᾰ́σαις | νυστᾰ́σειε(ν) / νυστᾰ́σαι | νυστᾰ́σαιτον | νυστᾰσαίτην | νυστᾰ́σαιμεν | νυστᾰ́σαιτε | νυστᾰ́σειᾰν / νυστᾰ́σαιεν | |||||
| imperative | νύστᾰσον | νυστᾰσᾰ́τω | νυστᾰ́σᾰτον | νυστᾰσᾰ́των | νυστᾰ́σᾰτε | νυστᾰσᾰ́ντων | |||||||
| active | |||||||||||||
| infinitive | νυστᾰ́σαι | ||||||||||||
| participle | m | νυστᾰ́σᾱς | |||||||||||
| f | νυστᾰ́σᾱσᾰ | ||||||||||||
| n | νυστᾰ́σᾰν | ||||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Derived terms
- ἀπονυστάζω (aponustázō)
- ἐπῐνυστάζω (epĭnustázō)
- κᾰτᾰνυστάζω (kătănustázō)
- νύσταγμα (nústagma)
- νυσταγμός (nustagmós)
- νυστακτής (nustaktḗs)
- νυστακτικῶς (nustaktikôs)
- νυστᾰλέος (nustăléos)
- νύστᾰλος (nústălos)
- νύσταξις (nústaxis)
- ὑπονυστάζω (huponustázō)
Descendants
- Greek: νυστάζω (nystázo)
References
- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “νυστάζω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1028-9
Further reading
- “νυστάζω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “νυστάζω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- νυστάζω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
Greek
Etymology
From Ancient Greek νυστάζω (nustázō).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /niˈsta.zo/
- Hyphenation: νυ‧στά‧ζω
Verb
νυστάζω • (nystázo) (past νύσταξα, passive —)
- (intransitive) to be sleepy, feel tired
- Το μωρό νυστάζει.
- To moró nystázei.
- The baby is tired.
- (transitive) to send to sleep
Conjugation
νυστάζω (active forms only plus passive perfect participle)
| Active voice ➤ | ||||
| Indicative mood ➤ | Imperfective aspect ➤ | Perfective aspect ➤ | ||
| Non-past tenses ➤ | Present ➤ | Dependent ➤ | ||
| 1 sg | νυστάξω | |||
| 2 sg | νυστάζεις | νυστάξεις | ||
| 3 sg | νυστάζει | νυστάξει | ||
| 1 pl | νυστάζουμε, [‑ομε] | νυστάξουμε, [‑ομε] | ||
| 2 pl | νυστάζετε | νυστάξετε | ||
| 3 pl | νυστάζουν(ε) | νυστάξουν(ε) | ||
| Past tenses ➤ | Imperfect ➤ | Simple past ➤ | ||
| 1 sg | νύσταζα | νύσταξα | ||
| 2 sg | νύσταζες | νύσταξες | ||
| 3 sg | νύσταζε | νύσταξε | ||
| 1 pl | νυστάζαμε | νυστάξαμε | ||
| 2 pl | νυστάζατε | νυστάξατε | ||
| 3 pl | νύσταζαν, νυστάζαν(ε) | νύσταξαν, νυστάξαν(ε) | ||
| Future tenses ➤ | Continuous ➤ | Simple ➤ | ||
| 1 sg | θα ➤ | θα νυστάξω ➤ | ||
| 2,3 sg, 1,2,3 pl | θα νυστάζεις, … | θα νυστάξεις, … | ||
| Perfect aspect ➤ | ||||
| Present perfect ➤ | έχω, έχεις, … νυστάξει | είμαι, είσαι, … νυσταγμένος, ‑η, ‑ο ➤ (also passive voice) | ||
| Past perfect ➤ | είχα, είχες, … νυστάξει | ήμουν, ήσουν, … νυσταγμένος, ‑η, ‑ο | ||
| Future perfect ➤ | θα έχω, θα έχεις, … νυστάξει | θα είμαι, θα είσαι, … νυσταγμένος, ‑η, ‑ο | ||
| Subjunctive mood ➤ | Formed using present, dependent (for simple past) or present perfect from above with a particle (να, ας). | |||
| Imperative mood ➤ | Imperfective aspect | Perfective aspect | ||
| 2 sg | νύσταζε | νύσταξε | ||
| 2 pl | νυστάζετε | νύσταξε, νυστάχτε1 | ||
| Other forms | ||||
| Active present participle ➤ | νυστάζοντας ➤ | |||
| Active perfect participle ➤ | έχοντας νυστάξει ➤ | |||
| Passive perfect participle ➤ | νυσταγμένος, ‑η, ‑ο ➤ | |||
| Nonfinite form ➤ | νυστάξει | |||
| Notes Appendix:Greek verbs |
1. Colloquial. • (…) optional or informal. […] rare. {…} learned, archaic. • Multiple forms are shown in order of reducing frequency. • Periphrastic imperative forms may be produced using the subjunctive. | |||
Antonyms
- ξενυστάζω (xenystázo, “stop being sleepy”)
Related terms
- νύστα f (nýsta, “drowsiness, sleepiness”)
- νυσταγμένος (nystagménos, “sleepy”, participle)
- νυσταγμός m (nystagmós, “nystagmus”) (medicine)
- νυσταλέος (nystaléos, “drowsy”)
- ξενυστάζω (xenystázo, “stop being sleepy”)
See also
- ξυπνάω (xypnáo, “to wake up”)