οἴγω

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

οἴγνυμι (oígnumi)

Etymology

Per Forssman, who reconstructs an ablauting root *ὀϝειγ- (*oweig-)/*ὀϝιγ- (*owig-), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃wóyg-os, from *h₃weyg- (“to give way, bend”), and cognate with Sanskrit विज् (vij, “to shake, tremble”) and वेग (vega, “violent movement, momentum”).^[1]

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /ǒi̯.ɡɔː/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈy.ɡo/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈy.ɣo/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈy.ɣo/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈi.ɣo/

Verb

οἴγω • (oígō)

to open

Inflection

Present: οἴγω, οἴγομαι

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	οἴγω	οἴγεις	οἴγει	οἴγετον	οἴγετον	οἴγομεν	οἴγετε	οἴγουσῐ(ν)
	subjunctive	οἴγω	οἴγῃς	οἴγῃ	οἴγητον	οἴγητον	οἴγωμεν	οἴγητε	οἴγωσῐ(ν)
	optative	οἴγοιμῐ	οἴγοις	οἴγοι	οἴγοιτον	οἰγοίτην	οἴγοιμεν	οἴγοιτε	οἴγοιεν
	imperative		οἶγε	οἰγέτω	οἴγετον	οἰγέτων		οἴγετε	οἰγόντων
middle/ passive	indicative	οἴγομαι	οἴγῃ / οἴγει	οἴγεται	οἴγεσθον	οἴγεσθον	οἰγόμεθᾰ	οἴγεσθε	οἴγονται
	subjunctive	οἴγωμαι	οἴγῃ	οἴγηται	οἴγησθον	οἴγησθον	οἰγώμεθᾰ	οἴγησθε	οἴγωνται
	optative	οἰγοίμην	οἴγοιο	οἴγοιτο	οἴγοισθον	οἰγοίσθην	οἰγοίμεθᾰ	οἴγοισθε	οἴγοιντο
	imperative		οἴγου	οἰγέσθω	οἴγεσθον	οἰγέσθων		οἴγεσθε	οἰγέσθων
		active				middle/passive
infinitive		οἴγειν				οἴγεσθαι
participle	m	οἴγων				οἰγόμενος
	f	οἴγουσᾰ				οἰγομένη
	n	οἶγον				οἰγόμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Imperfect: ἔῳγον, ἐῳγόμην

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἔῳγον	ἔῳγες	ἔῳγε(ν)	ἐῴγετον	ἐῳγέτην	ἐῴγομεν	ἐῴγετε	ἔῳγον
middle/ passive	indicative	ἐῳγόμην	ἐῴγου	ἐῴγετο	ἐῴγεσθον	ἐῳγέσθην	ἐῳγόμεθᾰ	ἐῴγεσθε	ἐῴγοντο
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Future: οἴξω, οἴξομαι

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	οἴξω	οἴξεις	οἴξει	οἴξετον	οἴξετον	οἴξομεν	οἴξετε	οἴξουσῐ(ν)
active	optative	οἴξοιμῐ	οἴξοις	οἴξοι	οἴξοιτον	οἰξοίτην	οἴξοιμεν	οἴξοιτε	οἴξοιεν
middle	indicative	οἴξομαι	οἴξῃ / οἴξει	οἴξεται	οἴξεσθον	οἴξεσθον	οἰξόμεθᾰ	οἴξεσθε	οἴξονται
middle	optative	οἰξοίμην	οἴξοιο	οἴξοιτο	οἴξοισθον	οἰξοίσθην	οἰξοίμεθᾰ	οἴξοισθε	οἴξοιντο
		active			middle
infinitive		οἴξειν			οἴξεσθαι
participle	m	οἴξων			οἰξόμενος
	f	οἴξουσᾰ			οἰξομένη
	n	οἶξον			οἰξόμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Aorist: ἔῳξᾰ, ἐῳξᾰ́μην, ἐῴχθην

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἔῳξᾰ	ἔῳξᾰς	ἔῳξε(ν)	ἐῴξᾰτον	ἐῳξᾰ́την	ἐῴξᾰμεν	ἐῴξᾰτε	ἔῳξᾰν
	subjunctive	ῴξω	ῴξῃς	ῴξῃ	ῴξητον	ῴξητον	ῴξωμεν	ῴξητε	ῴξωσῐ(ν)
	optative	ῴξαιμῐ	ῴξειᾰς / ῴξαις	ῴξειε(ν) / ῴξαι	ῴξαιτον	ῳξαίτην	ῴξαιμεν	ῴξαιτε	ῴξειᾰν / ῴξαιεν
	imperative		ῷξον	ῳξᾰ́τω	ῴξᾰτον	ῳξᾰ́των		ῴξᾰτε	ῳξᾰ́ντων
middle	indicative	ἐῳξᾰ́μην	ἐῴξω	ἐῴξᾰτο	ἐῴξᾰσθον	ἐῳξᾰ́σθην	ἐῳξᾰ́μεθᾰ	ἐῴξᾰσθε	ἐῴξᾰντο
	subjunctive	ῴξωμαι	ῴξῃ	ῴξηται	ῴξησθον	ῴξησθον	ῳξώμεθᾰ	ῴξησθε	ῴξωνται
	optative	ῳξαίμην	ῴξαιο	ῴξαιτο	ῴξαισθον	ῳξαίσθην	ῳξαίμεθᾰ	ῴξαισθε	ῴξαιντο
	imperative		ῷξαι	ῳξᾰ́σθω	ῴξᾰσθον	ῳξᾰ́σθων		ῴξᾰσθε	ῳξᾰ́σθων
passive	indicative	ἐῴχθην	ἐῴχθης	ἐῴχθη	ἐῴχθητον	ἐῳχθήτην	ἐῴχθημεν	ἐῴχθητε	ἐῴχθησᾰν
	subjunctive	ᾠχθῶ	ᾠχθῇς	ᾠχθῇ	ᾠχθῆτον	ᾠχθῆτον	ᾠχθῶμεν	ᾠχθῆτε	ᾠχθῶσῐ(ν)
	optative	ᾠχθείην	ᾠχθείης	ᾠχθείη	ᾠχθεῖτον / ᾠχθείητον	ᾠχθείτην / ᾠχθειήτην	ᾠχθεῖμεν / ᾠχθείημεν	ᾠχθεῖτε / ᾠχθείητε	ᾠχθεῖεν / ᾠχθείησᾰν
	imperative		ᾤχθητῐ	ᾠχθήτω	ᾤχθητον	ᾠχθήτων		ᾤχθητε	ᾠχθέντων
		active			middle		passive
infinitive		ῷξαι			ῴξᾰσθαι		ᾠχθῆναι
participle	m	ῴξᾱς			ῳξᾰ́μενος		ᾠχθείς
	f	ῴξᾱσᾰ			ῳξᾰμένη		ᾠχθεῖσᾰ
	n	ῷξᾰν			ῳξᾰ́μενον		ᾠχθέν
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Perfect: ἔῳχᾰ, ἔῳγμαι

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἔῳχᾰ	ἔῳχᾰς	ἔῳχε(ν)	ἐῴχᾰτον	ἐῴχᾰτον	ἐῴχᾰμεν	ἐῴχᾰτε	ἐῴχᾱσῐ(ν)
	subjunctive	ἐῴχω	ἐῴχῃς	ἐῴχῃ	ἐῴχητον	ἐῴχητον	ἐῴχωμεν	ἐῴχητε	ἐῴχωσῐ(ν)
	optative	ἐῴχοιμῐ / ἐῳχοίην	ἐῴχοις / ἐῳχοίης	ἐῴχοι / ἐῳχοίη	ἐῴχοιτον	ἐῳχοίτην	ἐῴχοιμεν	ἐῴχοιτε	ἐῴχοιεν
	imperative		ἔῳχε	ἐῳχέτω	ἐῴχετον	ἐῳχέτων		ἐῴχετε	ἐῳχόντων
middle/ passive	indicative	ἔῳγμαι	ἔῳξαι	ἔῳκται	ἔῳχθον	ἔῳχθον	ἐῴγμεθᾰ	ἔῳχθε	ἐῴχᾰται
	subjunctive	ἐῳγμένος ὦ	ἐῳγμένος ᾖς	ἐῳγμένος ᾖ	ἐῳγμένω ἦτον	ἐῳγμένω ἦτον	ἐῳγμένοι ὦμεν	ἐῳγμένοι ἦτε	ἐῳγμένοι ὦσῐ(ν)
	optative	ἐῳγμένος εἴην	ἐῳγμένος εἴης	ἐῳγμένος εἴη	ἐῳγμένω εἴητον / εἶτον	ἐῳγμένω εἰήτην / εἴτην	ἐῳγμένοι εἴημεν / εἶμεν	ἐῳγμένοι εἴητε / εἶτε	ἐῳγμένοι εἴησᾰν / εἶεν
	imperative		ἔῳξο	ἐῴχθω	ἔῳχθον	ἐῴχθων		ἔῳχθε	ἐῴχθων
		active				middle/passive
infinitive		ἐῳχέναι				ἐῷχθαι
participle	m	ἐῳχώς				ἐῳγμένος
	f	ἐῳχυῖᾰ				ἐῳγμένη
	n	ἐῳχός				ἐῳγμένον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Pluperfect: ἐῴχειν / ἐῴχη, ἐῴγμην

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἐῴχειν / ἐῴχη	ἐῴχεις / ἐῴχης	ἐῴχει(ν)	ἐῴχετον	ἐῳχέτην	ἐῴχεμεν	ἐῴχετε	ἐῴχεσᾰν
middle/ passive	indicative	ἐῴγμην	ἔῳξο	ἔῳκτο	ἔῳχθον	ἐῴχθην	ἐῴγμεθᾰ	ἔῳχθε	ἐῴχᾰτο
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Derived terms

ἀνοίγω (anoígō)
διοίγω (dioígō)
δίοιξις (díoixis)
ἐξοίγω (exoígō)
ἐποίγω (epoígō)
θυροιγός (thuroigós)
παρανοίγω (paranoígō)
παροίγω (paroígō)
πιθοίγια (pithoígia)
ὑπανοίγω (hupanoígō)

References

^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “οἴγω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1052-3