παρέρχομαι

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From πᾰρᾰ- (pără-, “by, near”) +‎ ἔρχομαι (érkhomai, “to come, go”).

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /pa.rér.kʰo.mai̯/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /paˈrer.kʰo.mɛ/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /paˈrer.xo.mɛ/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /paˈrer.xo.me/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /paˈrer.xo.me/

Verb

πᾰρέρχομαι • (părérkhomai)

to go by, beside, or past; to pass by, pass
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 16.357
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 5.429
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 12.62
- 470 BCE, Aeschylus, The Suppliants 1004
- 330 BCE, Demosthenes, On the Crown 188
1. (of time) to pass
  - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 2.86
  - 389 BCE – 314 BCE, Aeschines, Against Ctesiphon 69
  - 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Women of Trachis 69
  - 406 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus at Colonus 1397
  - 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Phaedrus 231B
  - 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Anabasis 4.3.2
  - 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Protagoras 310A
  - 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Cyropaedia 8.8.20
  - 330 BCE, Demosthenes, On the Crown 191
  - 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Physics 218A.9
  - 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Poetics 1457A.18
to pass by, outstrip, surpass
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 23.345
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 8.230
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 13.291
- 405 BCE, Euripides, The Bacchae 906
- 424 BCE, Aristophanes, The Knights 277
- 389 BCE – 314 BCE, Aeschines, Against Ctesiphon 129
- 341 BCE, Demosthenes, Fourth Philippic 3
- 343 BCE, Demosthenes, On the False Embassy 187
1. to outwit, escape, elude
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 1.132
  - 750 BCE – 650 BCE, Hesiod, Theogony 613
  - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 3.72
  - 438 BCE, Euripides, Alcestis 695
  - 330 BCE, Demosthenes, On the Crown 7
to pass on and come to a place, arrive at
- 750 BCE – 650 BCE, Hesiod, Works and Days 216
- 341 BCE, Demosthenes, Third Philippic 24
- 125 CE – 200 CE, Lucian, The Cock 12
- 125 CE – 200 CE, Lucian, Dialogues of the Dead 12.4
1. to pass in
  - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 3.77
  - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 5.92
  - 458 BCE, Aeschylus, The Libation Bearers 849
  - 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Electra 1337
  - 429 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus the King 1241
  - 423 BCE, Aristophanes, The Clouds 853
  - 431 BCE, Euripides, Medea 1137
  - 428 BCE, Euripides, Hippolytus 108
  - 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Anabasis 5.5.11
  - 330 BCE, Demosthenes, On the Crown 35
2. (figuratively)
  - 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Rhetoric 1403B.23
to pass without heeding
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 8.239
- 423 BCE, Euripides, The Suppliants 231
- 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Demosthenes, Against Pantaenetus 37
- 422 BCE, Aristophanes, The Wasps 637
- 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Phaedrus 278E
1. to overstep, transgress
  - 480 BCE – 411 BCE, Antiphon of Rhamnus, On the Murder of Herodes 12
  - 445 BCE – 380 BCE, Lysias, Against Andocides 52
to pass unnoticed, escape the notice of
- 445 BCE – 380 BCE, Lysias, Against Theomnestus 2 2
- 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Women of Trachis 226
- 361 BCE, Demosthenes, Against Midias 110
- 406 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus at Colonus 902
(in Attic) to come forward to speak
- 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 5.45
- 389 BCE – 314 BCE, Aeschines, Against Ctesiphon 95
- 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 8.81
- 411 BCE, Aristophanes, Thesmophoriazusae 443
- 414 BCE, Aristophanes, The Birds 1612
- 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 2.59
- 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Apology 10
- 445 BCE – 380 BCE, Lysias, Defence against a Charge of subverting the Democracy 14

Inflection

The missing moods of the present and imperfect, as well as the future are borrowed from πάρειμι (páreimi).

Present: πᾰρέρχομαι Subjunctive and optative from verb πάρειμι

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
middle/ passive	indicative	πᾰρέρχομαι	πᾰρέρχῃ, πᾰρέρχει	πᾰρέρχεται	πᾰρέρχεσθον	πᾰρέρχεσθον	πᾰρερχόμεθᾰ	πᾰρέρχεσθε	πᾰρέρχονται
	subjunctive
	optative
	imperative
						middle/passive
infinitive						πᾰρέρχεσθαι
participle	m					πᾰρερχόμενος
	f					πᾰρερχομένη
	n					πᾰρερχόμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Imperfect: πᾰρηρχόμην (Koine)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
middle/ passive	indicative	πᾰρηρχόμην	πᾰρήρχου	πᾰρήρχετο	πᾰρήρχεσθον	πᾰρηρχέσθην	πᾰρηρχόμεθᾰ	πᾰρήρχεσθε	πᾰρήρχοντο

Aorist: πᾰρῆλθον, πᾰρηλθόμην

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	πᾰρῆλθον	πᾰρῆλθες	πᾰρῆλθε(ν)	πᾰρήλθετον	πᾰρηλθέτην	πᾰρήλθομεν	πᾰρήλθετε	πᾰρῆλθον
	subjunctive	πᾰρέλθω	πᾰρέλθῃς	πᾰρέλθῃ	πᾰρέλθητον	πᾰρέλθητον	πᾰρέλθωμεν	πᾰρέλθητε	πᾰρέλθωσῐ(ν)
	optative	πᾰρέλθοιμῐ	πᾰρέλθοις	πᾰρέλθοι	πᾰρέλθοιτον	πᾰρελθοίτην	πᾰρέλθοιμεν	πᾰρέλθοιτε	πᾰρέλθοιεν
	imperative		πᾰ́ρελθε	πᾰρελθέτω	πᾰρέλθετον	πᾰρελθέτων		πᾰρέλθετε	πᾰρελθόντων
middle	indicative	πᾰρηλθόμην	πᾰρήλθου	πᾰρήλθετο	πᾰρήλθεσθον	πᾰρηλθέσθην	πᾰρηλθόμεθᾰ	πᾰρήλθεσθε	πᾰρήλθοντο
	subjunctive	πᾰρέλθωμαι	πᾰρέλθῃ	πᾰρέλθηται	πᾰρέλθησθον	πᾰρέλθησθον	πᾰρελθώμεθᾰ	πᾰρέλθησθε	πᾰρέλθωνται
	optative	πᾰρελθοίμην	πᾰρέλθοιο	πᾰρέλθοιτο	πᾰρέλθοισθον	πᾰρελθοίσθην	πᾰρελθοίμεθᾰ	πᾰρέλθοισθε	πᾰρέλθοιντο
	imperative		πᾰρελθοῦ	πᾰρελθέσθω	πᾰρέλθεσθον	πᾰρελθέσθων		πᾰρέλθεσθε	πᾰρελθέσθων
		active			middle
infinitive		πᾰρελθεῖν			πᾰρελθέσθαι
participle	m	πᾰρελθών			πᾰρελθόμενος
	f	πᾰρελθοῦσᾰ			πᾰρελθομένη
	n	πᾰρελθόν			πᾰρελθόμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Perfect: πᾰρελήλῠθᾰ

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	πᾰρελήλῠθᾰ	πᾰρελήλῠθᾰς	πᾰρελήλῠθε(ν)	πᾰρεληλῠ́θᾰτον	πᾰρεληλῠ́θᾰτον	πᾰρεληλῠ́θᾰμεν	πᾰρεληλῠ́θᾰτε	πᾰρεληλῠ́θᾱσῐ(ν)
	subjunctive	πᾰρεληλῠ́θω	πᾰρεληλῠ́θῃς	πᾰρεληλῠ́θῃ	πᾰρεληλῠ́θητον	πᾰρεληλῠ́θητον	πᾰρεληλῠ́θωμεν	πᾰρεληλῠ́θητε	πᾰρεληλῠ́θωσῐ(ν)
	optative	πᾰρεληλῠ́θοιμῐ / πᾰρεληλῠθοίην	πᾰρεληλῠ́θοις / πᾰρεληλῠθοίης	πᾰρεληλῠ́θοι / πᾰρεληλῠθοίη	πᾰρεληλῠ́θοιτον	πᾰρεληλῠθοίτην	πᾰρεληλῠ́θοιμεν	πᾰρεληλῠ́θοιτε	πᾰρεληλῠ́θοιεν
	imperative		πᾰρελήλῠθε	πᾰρεληλῠθέτω	πᾰρεληλῠ́θετον	πᾰρεληλῠθέτων		πᾰρεληλῠ́θετε	πᾰρεληλῠθόντων
		active
infinitive		πᾰρεληλῠθέναι
participle	m	πᾰρεληλῠθώς
	f	πᾰρεληλῠθυῖᾰ
	n	πᾰρεληλῠθός
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Derived terms

παρελθόν (parelthón, participle, neuter)
παρελθών (parelthṓn, participle, masculine)

Descendants

Greek: παρέρχομαι (parérchomai, “pass, go away”)

Greek

Etymology

From Ancient Greek πᾰρέρχομαι (părérkhomai). Morphologically, from παρα- (para-, “by, near”) +‎ έρχομαι (érchomai, “come”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /paˈɾeɾxome/
Hyphenation: πα‧ρέρ‧χο‧μαι

Verb

παρέρχομαι • (parérchomai) deponent (past παρήλθα)

to go (pass) by, glide away
(of time) to elapse
Οι γενιές έρχονται και παρέρχονται.
Oi geniés érchontai kai parérchontai.
Generations come and go.
(figuratively) to omit, suppress
Synonyms: παραλείπω (paraleípo), προσπερνώ (prospernó)

Conjugation

παρέρχομαι

	Passive voice ➤
Indicative mood ➤	Imperfective aspect ➤	Perfective aspect ➤
Non-past tenses ➤	Present ➤	Dependent ➤
1 sg		παρέλθω
2 sg	παρέρχεσαι	παρέλθεις
3 sg	παρέρχεται	παρέλθει

1 pl	παρερχόμαστε	παρέλθουμε
2 pl	παρέρχεστε	παρέλθετε
3 pl	παρέρχονται	παρέλθουν

Past tenses ➤	Imperfect ➤	Simple past ➤
1 sg	παρερχόμουν	παρήλθα
2 sg	παρερχόσουν	παρήλθες
3 sg	παρερχόταν	παρήλθε

1 pl	παρερχόμασταν, (-όμαστε)	παρήλθαμε
2 pl	παρερχόσασταν, (-όσαστε)	παρήλθατε
3 pl	παρέρχονταν	παρήλθαν(ε)

Future tenses ➤	Continuous ➤	Simple ➤
1 sg	θα ➤	θα παρέλθω ➤
2,3 sg, 1,2,3 pl	θα παρέρχεσαι, …	θα παρέλθεις, …

	Perfect aspect ➤
Present perfect ➤	έχω, έχεις, … παρέλθει
Past perfect ➤	είχα, είχες, … παρέλθει
Future perfect ➤	θα έχω, θα έχεις, … παρέλθει

Subjunctive mood ➤	Formed using present, dependent (for simple past) or present perfect from above with a particle (να, ας).

Imperative mood ➤	Imperfective aspect	Perfective aspect
2 sg	—	—
2 pl	παρέρχεστε	παρέλθετε

Other forms	Passive voice
Present participle ➤	—
Perfect participle ➤	—

Nonfinite form ➤	παρέλθει


Notes Appendix:Greek verbs	• (…) optional or informal. […] rare. {…} learned, archaic. • Multiple forms are shown in order of reducing frequency. • Periphrastic imperative forms may be produced using the subjunctive.
Notes Appendix:Greek verbs

Derived terms

παρελθών (parelthón, “passed”, participle) (archaic) (fem.: παρελθούσα, neu.: παρελθόν)
- παρελθόν n (“the past”)
- see Derivatives
αντιπαρέρχομαι (antiparérchomai, “ignore”)

and see: έρχομαι (érchomai, “I come”)

Ancient Greek

Etymology

Pronunciation

Verb

Inflection

Derived terms

Descendants

Further reading

Greek

Etymology

Pronunciation

Verb

Conjugation

Derived terms